1989

1989 (MCMLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1989th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 989th year of the 2nd millennium, the 89th year of the 20th century, and the 10th and last year of the 1980s decade.

Millennium: 2nd millennium
Centuries:
Decades:
Years:
1989 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar1989
MCMLXXXIX
Ab urbe condita2742
Armenian calendar1438
ԹՎ ՌՆԼԸ
Assyrian calendar6739
Bahá'í calendar145–146
Balinese saka calendar1910–1911
Bengali calendar1396
Berber calendar2939
British Regnal year37 Eliz. 2  38 Eliz. 2
Buddhist calendar2533
Burmese calendar1351
Byzantine calendar7497–7498
Chinese calendar戊辰(Earth Dragon)
4685 or 4625
     to 
己巳年 (Earth Snake)
4686 or 4626
Coptic calendar1705–1706
Discordian calendar3155
Ethiopian calendar1981–1982
Hebrew calendar5749–5750
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat2045–2046
 - Shaka Samvat1910–1911
 - Kali Yuga5089–5090
Holocene calendar11989
Igbo calendar989–990
Iranian calendar1367–1368
Islamic calendar1409–1410
Japanese calendarShōwa 64 / Heisei 1
(平成元年)
Javanese calendar1921–1922
Juche calendar78
Julian calendarGregorian minus 13 days
Korean calendar4322
Minguo calendarROC 78
民國78年
Nanakshahi calendar521
Thai solar calendar2532
Tibetan calendar阳土龙年
(male Earth-Dragon)
2115 or 1734 or 962
     to 
阴土蛇年
(female Earth-Snake)
2116 or 1735 or 963
Unix time599616000 – 631151999

1989 was a turning point in political history because a wave of revolutions swept the Eastern Bloc in Europe, starting in Poland and Hungary, with experiments in power sharing, coming to a head with the opening of the Berlin Wall in November, and the Velvet Revolution in Czechoslovakia, embracing the overthrow of the communist dictatorship in Romania in December, and ending in December 1991 with the dissolution of the Soviet Union. These are collectively known as the Revolutions of 1989.

It was the year of the first Brazilian presidential election in 29 years, since the end of the military government in 1985 that ruled the country for more than twenty years, and marked the redemocratization process's final point.

F. W. de Klerk was elected as State President of South Africa, and his regime gradually dismantled the apartheid system over the next five years, culminating with the 1994 election that brought jailed African National Congress leader Nelson Mandela to power.

The first commercial Internet service providers surfaced in this year,[1][2] as well as the first written proposal for the World Wide Web and New Zealand, Japan and Australia's first Internet connections. The first babies born after preimplantation genetic diagnosis were conceived in late 1989, beginning the era of designer babies.[3]

Events

January

January 20: George H. W. Bush, 41st President of the United States

February

Soviet unit pictured prior to their withdrawal from Afghanistan

March

Mass demonstration at the Hungarian state television headquarters

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

Germans standing on top of the Berlin Wall
A peaceful demonstration in Prague during the Velvet Revolution

December

Flames engulf a building following the United States invasion of Panama

Date unknown

Births

Births
January · February · March · April · May · June · July · August · September · October · November · December

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

Deaths

Deaths
January · February · March · April · May · June · July · August · September · October · November · December

January

Emperor Hirohito
José Bustamante y Rivero

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

Nobel Prizes

References

  1. "Company History". Sublime IP. Retrieved August 19, 2014.
  2. "Wired 7.08: Harmonic Convergence". Archive.wired.com. January 4, 2009. Retrieved August 19, 2014.
  3. "Genetic Defect Screened Out; Healthy Twins Born". LA Times.
  4. Gordon, Stephen Engelberg With Michael R.; Times, Special To the New York (January 1, 1989). "Germans Accused of Helping Libya Build Nerve Gas Plant". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved September 16, 2020.
  5. Crystal, David, ed. (1990). The Cambridge Encyclopedia. Cambridge University Press. p. RR69.
  6. Wilkens, Herbert; Maennig, Wolfgang (1997). Transition in Eastern Europe: Current Issues and Perspectives. Duncker & Humblot. p. 71. ISBN 978-3-428-49107-0.
  7. "The birth of the World Wide Web | CERN timelines". Timeline.web.cern.ch. Archived from the original on December 3, 2013. Retrieved August 19, 2014.
  8. "Judge Rejects Keating Suit – Sees 'Looting' of Lincoln – NYTimes.com". August 24, 1990.
  9. Gene Therapy (Report). Retrieved April 8, 2017.
  10. "Top USSR bank moves ruble into electronic age..." The Deseret News via Google News Archive Search.
  11. "First McDonald's in Moscow, Russia ~". Bleskon.com. Archived from the original on August 9, 2013. Retrieved August 8, 2013.
  12. "Gay Peru News & Reports 2011". Archive.globalgayz.com. Retrieved August 8, 2013.
  13. "HDTV – High Definition Television". Birds-eye.net. June 3, 1989. Retrieved August 8, 2013.
  14. Moseley, Ray; Reaves, Joseph A. "Mourners Rip Shroud, Khomeini's Body Falls". Chicago Tribune.
  15. "adventure.lotteworld.com". Retrieved August 19, 2019.
  16. Belsie, Laurent (June 29, 2009). "Madoff's sentence: big, but not 141,078 years". The Christian Science Monitor.
  17. Vavilov, A.; Nicholls, David (2016). Gazprom: An Energy Giant and Its Challenges in Europe. Springer. p. 16. ISBN 9781137461100.
  18. "A Guide for Study of Historical Offices: South Africa: Heads of State: 1961-1994". Archontology. Retrieved April 14, 2017.
  19. Masiza, Zondi (1993). "A Chronology of South Africa's Nuclear Program" (PDF). Retrieved July 4, 2020.
  20. "Doe v. Michigan (E.D. Mich. 1989)". Bc.edu. Archived from the original on April 21, 2013. Retrieved August 8, 2013.
  21. "Soviets Line Up For Makeup – Estee Lauder Shop Draws Moscow Crowds". Philly.com. Articles.philly.com. November 17, 1989. Retrieved August 8, 2013.
  22. "The Danish Registered Partnership Act". June 7, 1989. Archived from the original on September 30, 2014. Retrieved October 1, 2013.
  23. Rule, Sheila (October 2, 1989). "Rights for Gay Couples in Denmark". The New York Times. Retrieved June 7, 2012.
  24. "The Flag Burning Page". Retrieved November 30, 2016.
  25. "The Barry Shein Home Page". Std.com. Retrieved August 8, 2013.
  26. Last speech of Nicolae Ceaușescu. December 21, 1989. Retrieved July 4, 2020.
  27. "The Warsaw Voice". Warsawvoice.pl. Retrieved August 19, 2014.
  28. Hayes, Thomas C. (February 28, 1990). "Wal-Mart Net Jumps By 31.8%". The New York Times. Retrieved August 8, 2013.
  29. Pareles, Jon (December 10, 1989). "Outlaw Rock: More Skirmishes on the Censorship Front POP VIEW; More Skirmishes on The Censorship Front". The New York Times.
  30. "Kalin Lucas International Stats". Basketball-Reference.com.
  31. "Timea Bacsinszky". WTA.
  32. "Matthew Centrowitz". World Athletics. Retrieved February 7, 2020.
  33. "ESPNFC: Soccer Nick Blackman". m.espn.com.
  34. "Taylor Swift Explains Meaning Behind Cover of New Album '1989'". ABC News. Retrieved December 11, 2020.
  35. "Pedro Vargas", Last.fm (in Spanish), retrieved August 24, 2019

Further reading

  • Ash, Timothy Garton. The Magic Lantern: The Revolution of '89 Witnessed in Warsaw, Budapest, Berlin, and Prague (1999) excerpt
  • Kenney, Padraic, ed. 1989: Democratic Revolutions at the Cold War's End: A Brief History with Documents (2009)
  • Sebestyen, Victor. Revolution 1989: The Fall of the Soviet Empire (2010) excerpt
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.