1 Samuel 2

1 Samuel 2
	← chapter 1 chapter 3 →
	Hannah giving her son Samuel to the priest by Jan Victors, 1645. According to the biblical account, Hannah sang her song when she presented Samuel to Eli the priest.
Book	Books of Samuel
Hebrew Bible part	Nevi'im
Order in the Hebrew part	3
Category	Former Prophets
Christian Bible part	Old Testament
Order in the Christian part	9

1 Samuel 2 is the second chapter of the Books of Samuel in the Hebrew Bible (or the "First Book of Samuel" in Christian Bible). It recounts the Song of Hannah, the corruption of the priests descended from Eli, Samuel's ministry to God 'even as a child'[1] and the prophecy of a "man of God" against Eli's household.

Text

The original text of this chapter, as with the rest of the Books of Samuel, was written in Hebrew. Since the division of the Bible into chapters in the late medieval period, this chapter is divided into 36 verses. Some ancient Hebrew witnesses for the text of this chapter include the Masoretic Text versions (9th century AD and after) and some fragments among Dead Sea Scrolls, i.e. 4QSam^a (4Q51; 1st century BC), with extant verses: 1–10, 16–36.[2][3] There is also a translation into Greek known as the Septuagint, made in the last few centuries BC.

Period

The event in this chapter happened at the end of judges period in Israel, about 1100 BC.

Structure

The New Revised Standard Version organises this chapter as follows:

1 Samuel 2:1–11 = Hannah’s Prayer
1 Samuel 2:12–17 = Eli’s Wicked Sons
1 Samuel 2:18–21 = The Child Samuel at Shiloh
1 Samuel 2:22–36 = Prophecy Against Eli’s Household

Prophecy against Eli’s household

Verses 22 to 25 introduce a topic dealing with the condemnation of the house of Eli on account of his sons' transgressions. The Masoretic Text of the Hebrew Bible, Targum, and Vulgate translation refer to Hophni and Phinehas' sins including both the misappropriation of food brought to sacrifice at the shrine in Shiloh and also to their sexual relations with "the women who assembled at the door of the tabernacle of meeting",[4] although the Septuagint[5] and the Dead Sea Scrolls[6] omit the latter issue.

Eli hears of his sons' behaviour and challenges them to reform, but they take no account of his pleading. Then a "man of God" comes to Eli, a prophet of whom "we know nothing".[7]

References

1 Samuel 2:18 – Mechon-mamre (Hebrew/English)
Ulrich, Eugene, ed. (2010). The Biblical Qumran Scrolls: Transcriptions and Textual Variants. Brill. pp. 260–264. ISBN 9789004181830. Retrieved May 15, 2017.
Fitzmyer, Joseph A. (2008). A Guide to the Dead Sea Scrolls and Related Literature. Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. p. 35. ISBN 9780802862419. Retrieved February 15, 2019.
1 Samuel 2:22
Brenton's Septuagint Translation, 1 Samuel 2
Dead Sea Scrolls Bible Translations: 1 Samuel 2 from Scroll 4Q51 Samuel
Ellicott's Commentary for Modern Readers on 1 Samuel 2, accessed 20 April 2017

Bibliography

Commentaries on Samuel

Shmuel I – Samuel I (Judaica Press) translation [with Rashi's commentary] at Chabad.org
Auld, Graeme (2003). "1 & 2 Samuel". In James D. G. Dunn and John William Rogerson (ed.). Eerdmans Commentary on the Bible. Eerdmans. ISBN 9780802837110.
Bergen, David T. (1996). 1, 2 Samuel. B&H Publishing Group. ISBN 9780805401073.
Gordon, Robert (1986). I & II Samuel, A Commentary. Paternoster Press. ISBN 9780310230229.
Hertzberg, Hans Wilhelm (1964). I & II Samuel, A Commentary (trans. from German 2nd edition 1960 ed.). Westminster John Knox Press. p. 19. ISBN 978-0664223182.
Tsumura, David Toshio (2007). The First Book of Samuel. Eerdmans. ISBN 9780802823595.

General

Breytenbach, Andries (2000). "Who Is Behind The Samuel Narrative?". In Johannes Cornelis de Moor and H.F. Van Rooy (ed.). Past, Present, Future: the Deuteronomistic History and the Prophets. Brill. ISBN 9789004118713.
Jones, Gwilym H (2001). "1 and 2 Samuel". In John Barton and John Muddiman (ed.). The Oxford Bible Commentary. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780198755005.
Klein, R.W. (2003). "Samuel, books of". In Bromiley, Geoffrey W (ed.). The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia. Eerdmans. ISBN 9780802837844.

External links

Masoretic Text

שמואל א Shmuel Aleph – Samuel A (Hebrew – English at Mechon-Mamre.org)

Jewish translations

1 Samuel at Mechon-Mamre (Jewish Publication Society translation)

Christian translations

Bible: 1 Samuel public domain audiobook at LibriVox
Samuel 1 at Bible Gateway

Related articles

Introduction to the book of 1 Samuel from the NIV Study Bible

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[1] 1 Samuel 2:18 – Mechon-mamre (Hebrew/English)

[2] Ulrich, Eugene, ed. (2010). The Biblical Qumran Scrolls: Transcriptions and Textual Variants. Brill. pp. 260–264. ISBN 9789004181830. Retrieved May 15, 2017.

[3] Fitzmyer, Joseph A. (2008). A Guide to the Dead Sea Scrolls and Related Literature. Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. p. 35. ISBN 9780802862419. Retrieved February 15, 2019.

[4] 1 Samuel 2:22

[5] Brenton's Septuagint Translation, 1 Samuel 2

[6] Dead Sea Scrolls Bible Translations: 1 Samuel 2 from Scroll 4Q51 Samuel

[7] Ellicott's Commentary for Modern Readers on 1 Samuel 2, accessed 20 April 2017