21 cm L/35

The 21 cm L/35 were a family of German naval artillery developed in the years before World War I and used in limited numbers. This gun armed warships of the Argentine Navy, Imperial Chinese Navy, Royal Danish Navy, Imperial Japanese Navy and Royal Netherlands Navy before and after World War I.[2] It was used in the First Sino-Japanese War, Boxer Rebellion and a ship captured by Japan in the Sino-Japanese War was later used in the Russo-Japanese War.

21 cm L/35
A 21 cm L/35 gun at the German fort at Tsingtau
Type
Place of originGerman Empire
Service history
In service1890–1936
Used by
Wars
Production history
DesignerKrupp
Designed1886
ManufacturerKrupp
Produced1890
VariantsNo. 1 and No. 2
Specifications
Mass
  • No. 1: 13.9 t (15.3 short tons)
  • No. 2: 14.6 t (16.1 short tons)
Length7.3 m (23 ft 11 in)
Barrel length6.7 m (22 ft 0 in)
Shell weight140 kg (310 lb)
Caliber209.3 mm (8.24 in) 35 caliber
Muzzle velocity
  • No. 1: 548 m/s (1,800 ft/s) with 43 kg (95 lb) propellant charge
  • No. 2: 580 m/s (1,900 ft/s) with 54 kg (119 lb) propellant charge[1]
The forward barbette of the Jingyuan renamed Saien in IJN service which was sunk during the Russo-Japanese War.

History

In 1886, Krupp designed the 21 cm L/35 and started production for export customers in 1890. The 21 cm L/35 was produced in two models the No. 1 and No. 2. The main difference between the two guns was their weight, rifling, propellant charges and muzzle velocities. Otherwise their overall length and ammunition were the same.[3]

Argentina
ARA Veinticinco de Mayo – one shielded 21 cm L/35 gun fore and one shielded, 21 cm L/35 gun aft[4]
China
Jingyuan – two 21 cm L/35 guns mounted in a forward barbette
Laiyuan – two 21 cm L/35 guns mounted in a forward barbette
Jiyuan – two 21 cm L/35 guns mounted in a forward barbette
Denmark
HDMS Valkyrien – one shielded 21 cm L/35 gun fore and one shielded 21 cm L/35 gun aft[5]
Netherlands
Evertsen-class coastal defence ship – two mounted 21 cm L/35 turret guns fore and one aft[6]
Hydra-class – one forward shielded 21 cm L/35 gun after 1890s refits[7]
HNLMS Koningin Wilhelmina der Nederlanden – secondary armament of one shielded 21 cm L/35 gun aft[8]
HNLMS Reiner Claeszen – one 21 cm L/35 gun in a forward turret[9]
HNLMS Sumatra – one 21 cm L/35 gun in a forward turret[10]

References

Footnotes
  1. Friedman, Norman (2011). Naval weapons of World War One. Seaforth. ISBN 9781848321007. OCLC 786178793.
  2. "GR 8.2in 21 cm 35cal Krupp Single". navalhistory.flixco.info.
  3. Friedman, Norman (2011). Naval weapons of World War One. Seaforth. ISBN 9781848321007. OCLC 786178793.
  4. "VEINTICINCO DE MAYO protected cruiser (1891) – Argentinean Navy (Argentina)". www.navypedia.org. Retrieved 12 April 2017.
  5. "Valkyrien protected cruiser (1890) – Danish Royal Navy (Denmark)". www.navypedia.org. Retrieved 4 April 2017.
  6. "REINIER CLAESZEN monitor (1894) – Royal Dutch Navy (Netherlands)". www.navypedia.org. Retrieved 4 April 2017.
  7. "HYDRA gunboats (1873–1876) – Royal Dutch Navy (Netherlands)". www.navypedia.org. Retrieved 4 April 2017.
  8. "KONINGIN WILHELMINA DER NEDERLANDEN protected cruiser (1894) – Royal Dutch Navy (Netherlands)". www.navypedia.org. Retrieved 4 April 2017.
  9. "REINIER CLAESZEN monitor (1894) – Royal Dutch Navy (Netherlands)". www.navypedia.org. Retrieved 4 April 2017.
  10. "SUMATRA protected cruiser (1891) – Royal Dutch Navy (Netherlands)". www.navypedia.org. Retrieved 4 April 2017.

Bibliography
  • Friedman, N. (2011). Naval Weapons of World War One. Barnsley: Seaforth. ISBN 978-1-84832-100-7.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Chesneau, R.; Kolesnik, E. M., eds. (1979). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships, 1860–1905. Greenwich: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 0-85177-245-5.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
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