3-Carene

3-Carene is a bicyclic monoterpene consisting of fused cyclohexene and cyclopropane rings. It occurs as a constituent of turpentine,[2] with a content as high as 42% depending on the source. Carene has a sweet and pungent odor,[3] best described as fir needles, musky earth, and damp woodlands combination.[4]

3-Carene
Names
Preferred IUPAC name
3,7,7-Trimethylbicyclo[4.1.0]hept-3-ene
Other names
Δ3-Carene
Car-3-ene
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
1902767
ChEBI
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.033.367
EC Number
  • 236-719-3
663435
KEGG
UNII
UN number 2319
Properties
C10H16
Molar mass 136.238 g·mol−1
Density 0.86 g/cm3 (20 °C)[1]
Boiling point 170–172 °C (338–342 °F; 443–445 K)[1]
Hazards
GHS pictograms
GHS Signal word Danger
H226, H304, H315, H317, H412
P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264, P272, P273, P280, P301+310, P302+352, P303+361+353, P321, P331, P332+313, P333+313, P362, P363, P370+378, P403+235, P405, P501
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Infobox references

A colorless liquid, it is not soluble in water, but miscible with fats and oils.[3] It is chiral, occurring naturally both as the racemate and enantio-enriched forms.

Reactions and uses

Treatment with peracetic acid gives 3,4-caranediol. Pyrolysis over ferric oxide induces rearrangement, giving p-cymene. Carene is used in the perfume industry and as a chemical intermediate.[2]

Because carene can be found in cannabis naturally, it can also be found in cannabis distillates. Greater concentrations of carene in a distillate give it an earthier taste and smell.[5]

References

  1. Record in the GESTIS Substance Database of the Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
  2. M. Eggersdorfer (2005). "Terpenes". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a26_205.
  3. Merck Index (12th ed.). 1996. p. 300. 1885.
  4. Mediavilla, Vito, Simon Steinemann, Essential oil of Cannabis sativa L. strains. Journal of the International Hemp Association, 1997, 4(2):80-82.
  5. "What is Delta 3 Carene?". ionizationlabs.com. Ionization Labs. Retrieved 6 August 2020.
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