ALYREF

Aly/REF export factor, also known as THO complex subunit 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ALYREF gene.[3][4]

ALYREF
Available structures
PDBHuman UniProt search: PDBe RCSB
Identifiers
AliasesALYREF, ALY, ALY/REF, BEF, REF, THOC4, Aly/REF export factor
External IDsOMIM: 604171 HomoloGene: 134554 GeneCards: ALYREF
Gene location (Human)
Chr.Chromosome 17 (human)[1]
Band17q25.3Start81,887,835 bp[1]
End81,891,586 bp[1]
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

10189

n/a

Ensembl

ENSG00000183684

n/a

UniProt

Q86V81

n/a

RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_005782

n/a

RefSeq (protein)

NP_005773

n/a

Location (UCSC)Chr 17: 81.89 – 81.89 Mbn/a
PubMed search[2]n/a
Wikidata
View/Edit Human

The ALYREF gene encodes Aly/REF export factor (ALY; THO complex subunit 4, Tho4; RNA and export factor binding protein 1, Refbp1), a ubiquitously expressed nuclear protein that functions as a molecular chaperone and export adapter involved in nuclear export of spliced and unspliced mRNA. The TRanscription-EXport (TREX) complex, a key player in mRNA export, includes the THO subcomplex, the RNA helicase UAP56, and the RNA-binding protein ALY. In yeast, TREX is recruited co-transcriptionally; in human cells it is recruited during a late step of splicing. The human TREX complex is recruited to a region near the 5' end of mRNA by interaction of ALY and THO with the nuclear cap-binding complex. As a chaperone, ALY promotes dimerization of transcription factors containing basic leucine zipper (bZIP) domains.,[5] thereby promoting transcriptional activation. ALY has key roles in 3'-end processing of polyadenylated mRNAs and in nuclear export of both polyadenylated and non-polyadenylated mRNAs.[6][7] After mRNA binds to ALY, it is apparently transferred to the NXF1-NXT1 heterodimer for export (TAP/NFX1 pathway). The full-length ALY protein (Refbp1-I, 255 amino acids encoded by six exons[8]) has a conserved RNA recognition motif (RRM; amino acids 105-182) flanked by alanine/arginine/glycine-rich sequences; an N-terminal region (amino acids 16-37) is sufficient for RNA binding and interaction with the NXF1-NXT1 heterodimer.[9]

References

  1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000183684 - Ensembl, May 2017
  2. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  3. Muravenko OV, Gizatullin RZ, Al-Amin AN, Protopopov AI, Kashuba VI, Zelenin AV, Zabarovsky ER (Jan 2001). "Human ALY/BEF gene Map position 17q25.3". Chromosome Res. 8 (6): 562. doi:10.1023/A:1009236126053. PMID 11032328. S2CID 6859937.
  4. "Entrez Gene: ALYREF Aly/REF export factor".
  5. "Entrez Gene: THOC4 THO complex 4".
  6. Shi M, Zhang H, Wu X, He Z, Wang L, Yin S, Tian B, Li G, Cheng H (Sep 2017). "ALYREF mainly binds to the 5' and the 3' regions of the mRNA in vivo". Nucleic Acids Res. 45 (16): 9640–9653. doi:10.1093/nar/gkx597. PMC 5766156. PMID 28934468.
  7. Shi M, Zhang H, Wu X, He Z, Wang L, Yin S, Tian B, Li G, Cheng H (Mar 2019). "ALYREF links 3'-end processing to nuclear export of non-polyadenylated mRNAs". EMBO J. 38 (9): e99910. doi:10.15252/embj.201899910. PMC 6484419. PMID 30858280.
  8. "Ensembl: Gene ALYREF ENSG00000183684 (human)".
  9. "UniProtKB Q86V81 (THOC4_HUMAN)".

Further reading


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