Aconitum firmum

Aconitum firmum (Czech: oměj tuhý, Polish: tojad mocny, Ukrainian: Аконіт міцний, Romanized: Akonіt mіtzniy) is a species of monkshood that is found in Southern Poland, Slovakia, and Czechia, with a few instances in Ukraine and Romania.[1][2]

Aconitum firmum
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Ranunculales
Family: Ranunculaceae
Genus: Aconitum
Species:
A. firmum
Binomial name
Aconitum firmum
Rchb.

Appearance

Aconitum firmum has indigo flowers that are about 2 centimeters big, and can grow up to around 40 centimeters tall.[3]

Toxicity

Like all monkshoods, Aconitum firmum is highly poisonous. All parts of the plant, with the highest concentration being in the roots and seeds, contain aconitine, which is a potent nerve poison.

Conservation

In Poland, Aconitum firmum is a protected species, along with all other monkshood species in Poland. The subspecies A. firmum subsp. moravicum is recognized as Near Threatened by the IUCN Red List,[4] although A. firmum itself has not been evaluated by the IUCN.[5]

Taxonomy

Name

Aconitum firmum was named by Ludwig Reichenbach. The species name firmum comes from the inflection of the Latin word firmus, meaning stable and firm.[6] The Czech, Polish, and Ukrainian common names both reflect on this and can be literally translated to "strong aconite".

Subspecies

Aconitum firmum is divided into 6 subspecies and 1 variety[7] which are:

  • Aconitum firmum subsp. bucovinense (Zapal.) Aschers. & Graebn.
  • Aconitum firmum subsp. firmum
  • Aconitum firmum subsp. maninense (Skalický) Starm.
  • Aconitum firmum subsp. moravicum V.Skalick
  • Aconitum firmum subsp. paxii Starm.
  • Aconitum firmum subsp. zapalowiczii Starm.
  • Aconitum firmum var. portae-ferratae Starm. & Mitka

References
  1. "Search". www.gbif.org. Retrieved 2020-05-06.
  2. "Aconitum firmum Rchb. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 6 May 2020.
  3. "Occurrence Detail 1933386570". www.gbif.org. Retrieved 2020-05-06.
  4. Sciences), Viera Ferakova (Slovak Academy of; Agriculture), Pavol Eliáš (Slovak University of; Iva Hodálová (Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences); List), Pavol Mereďa (Slovak Plant Red; Zbigniew Mirek (W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Poland); Halina Piękoś-Mirkowa (W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Poland) (2011-03-28). "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Moravian monkshood". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Retrieved 2020-05-19.
  5. "Aconitum firmum - Rchb". eunis.eea.europa.eu. Retrieved 2020-05-19.
  6. Stearn, William (2004). Botanical Latin. Portland, Oregon, US: Timber Press. p. 412. ISBN 978-08819-26279.
  7. "Catalogue of Life : Aconitum firmum Rchb". www.catalogueoflife.org. Retrieved 2020-05-06.
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