Acorn barnacle

Acorn barnacle and acorn shell are vernacular names for certain types of stalkless barnacles, generally excluding Pedunculata (stalked or gooseneck barnacles). Depending on region and author, they could mean any of the following taxa:

(number of bullets represents its taxonomic rank)

Acorn barnacle

Order Sessilia[1]
- Suborder Balanomorpha[2][3][4]
  - Family Balanidae[5]
    - Genus Balanus[6]
      - common acorn barnacle:[4] Species Balanus glandula[7] of North America
  - (Family Chthamalidae)
    - - Species Semibalanus balanoides[8] (synonym Balanus balanoides), populous in British Isles[9]

Acorn-shell

- - Family Balanidae[10]

* Acornshell may also refer to a freshwater mussel Epioblasma haysiana

Sea acorn

- - - Genus Balanus[11]

Common barnacle

- - - - Species Semibalanus balanoides[12] (synonym Balanus balanoides), populous in British Isles

Rock barnacle

- Suborder Balanomorpha
  - - - Species Semibalanus balanoides[13] (synonym Balanus balanoides), populous in British Isles

References

York, Katherine L. Taxonomy, biogeography and population genetic structure of the southern Australian intertidal barnacle fauna (pdf) (PhD thesis). University of Melbourne. p. 2. hdl:11343/37454.
"Balanomorpha". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. 2020-08-19.
Brusca, Richard C. (1980) [1973]. "10. Introduction to the Phylum Arthropoda: Crustacea Cirripedia (Barnacles)". Common intertidal invertebrates of the Gulf of California (2 ed.). Tucson: University of Arizona Press. p. 208. ISBN 0-8165-0682-5.
Carstensen, Richard; Armstrong, Bob; O'Clair, Rita M. (2014) [1950]. The nature of Southeast Alaska: A Guide to plants, animals, and habitats (3 ed.). Portland: Graphic Arts Books (Alaska Northwest Books). pp. PT320. ISBN 9780882409290. Suborder Balanomorpha (acorn barnacles); Balanus glandula (common acorn barnacle)
"Balanidae". Taxonomy Browser. NCBI. Retrieved 2020-08-18. Genbank common name: acorn barnacles
Kingsley, John Sterling (1888). "Sub-class I. Cirripedia". In Kingsley, John Sterling (ed.). The Riverside natural history. II. Crustacea and insects. Cambridge, USA: Houghton, Mifflin and company; The Riverside Press. p. 14. OCLC 1040570312. ...in the Acorn Barnacle, Balanus,...
Hedgpeth, Joel Walker (1962). Introduction to Seashore Life of the San Francisco Bay Region and the Coast of Northern California. University of California Press. p. 77. ISBN 0-520-00544-9. ...the white Acorn Barnacle, Balanus glandula,... (capitalization denotes "white" as an adjective, not part of the name.)
"Semibalanus balanoides (Linnaeus, 1767) - Acorn Barnacle". UK species. Natural History Museum. Retrieved 2020-08-20.
"An acorn barnacle (Semibalanus balanoides)". Marine Life Information Network (MarLIN). The Marine Biological Association of the UK. 2008-04-17. Retrieved 2020-08-19. (says "an", implying "a kind of")
Darwin, C. R. (1854). Living Cirripedia, The Balanidæ, (or sessile cirripedes); the Verrucidæ (HTML). 2. London: The Ray Society. p. 33.
"Sea acorn" (html). Webster's Unabridged Dictionary (via Project Gutenberg) (May 18, 2014 ed.). G. & C. Merriam Company. 1913. Retrieved 2020-08-24. Defn: An acorn barnacle (Balanus).
"Bibliographic data for 1957 paper by Barnes, H. titled: Processes of restoration and synchronization in marine ecology. The spring diatom increase and the 'spawning' of the common barnacle Balanus balanoides (L.)". Marine Biological Association. Retrieved 2020-08-20.
Rangeley, R. W.; Thomas, M. L. H. (1988-12-01). "Littoral Stratification in Growth form and Fecundity of the Rock Barnacle, Semibalanus Balanoides". Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. Cambridge University Press. 68 (4): 591–599. doi:10.1017/S0025315400028733.

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[1] York, Katherine L. Taxonomy, biogeography and population genetic structure of the southern Australian intertidal barnacle fauna (pdf) (PhD thesis). University of Melbourne. p. 2. hdl:11343/37454.

[2] "Balanomorpha". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. 2020-08-19.

[3] Brusca, Richard C. (1980) [1973]. "10. Introduction to the Phylum Arthropoda: Crustacea Cirripedia (Barnacles)". Common intertidal invertebrates of the Gulf of California (2 ed.). Tucson: University of Arizona Press. p. 208. ISBN 0-8165-0682-5.

[Carstensen2014-4] Carstensen, Richard; Armstrong, Bob; O'Clair, Rita M. (2014) [1950]. The nature of Southeast Alaska: A Guide to plants, animals, and habitats (3 ed.). Portland: Graphic Arts Books (Alaska Northwest Books). pp. PT320. ISBN 9780882409290. Suborder Balanomorpha (acorn barnacles); Balanus glandula (common acorn barnacle)

[GenbankBalanidae-5] "Balanidae". Taxonomy Browser. NCBI. Retrieved 2020-08-18. Genbank common name: acorn barnacles

[Kingsley1888-6] Kingsley, John Sterling (1888). "Sub-class I. Cirripedia". In Kingsley, John Sterling (ed.). The Riverside natural history. II. Crustacea and insects. Cambridge, USA: Houghton, Mifflin and company; The Riverside Press. p. 14. OCLC 1040570312. ...in the Acorn Barnacle, Balanus,...

[Hedgpeth1962-7] Hedgpeth, Joel Walker (1962). Introduction to Seashore Life of the San Francisco Bay Region and the Coast of Northern California. University of California Press. p. 77. ISBN 0-520-00544-9. ...the white Acorn Barnacle, Balanus glandula,... (capitalization denotes "white" as an adjective, not part of the name.)

[8] "Semibalanus balanoides (Linnaeus, 1767) - Acorn Barnacle". UK species. Natural History Museum. Retrieved 2020-08-20.

[9] "An acorn barnacle (Semibalanus balanoides)". Marine Life Information Network (MarLIN). The Marine Biological Association of the UK. 2008-04-17. Retrieved 2020-08-19. (says "an", implying "a kind of")

[darwin1854-10] Darwin, C. R. (1854). Living Cirripedia, The Balanidæ, (or sessile cirripedes); the Verrucidæ (HTML). 2. London: The Ray Society. p. 33.

[11] "Sea acorn" (html). Webster's Unabridged Dictionary (via Project Gutenberg) (May 18, 2014 ed.). G. & C. Merriam Company. 1913. Retrieved 2020-08-24. Defn: An acorn barnacle (Balanus).

[12] "Bibliographic data for 1957 paper by Barnes, H. titled: Processes of restoration and synchronization in marine ecology. The spring diatom increase and the 'spawning' of the common barnacle Balanus balanoides (L.)". Marine Biological Association. Retrieved 2020-08-20.

[13] Rangeley, R. W.; Thomas, M. L. H. (1988-12-01). "Littoral Stratification in Growth form and Fecundity of the Rock Barnacle, Semibalanus Balanoides". Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. Cambridge University Press. 68 (4): 591–599. doi:10.1017/S0025315400028733.