Adolf IV of Holstein

Adolf IV in a sarcophagus: an ideal portrait painted about 1450, originally the lower part of a double portrait in the Maria-Magdalenen-Kloster, Kiel. At 2.77 metres long, the figure is greater than life-size

Adolf IV won several victories against the Danes. In 1225 he won the Battle of Mölln against Albert II, Count of Weimar-Orlamünde. On 22 July 1227 with his coalition army Adolf was victorious in the Battle of Bornhöved against King Valdemar II of Denmark with his Danish army and German allies (the Welfs), and thus regained Holstein. In 1235 he founded Kiel and in 1238 Itzehoe. In 1238 he took part in a crusade in Livonia.

In fulfilment of an oath taken during the heat of the Battle of Bornhöved, Adolf withdrew in 1238 to a Franciscan friary and in 1244 was ordained a priest in Rome (his two under-age sons passed into the guardianship of his son-in-law Duke Abel of Schleswig). Also in 1244 he founded Neustadt in Holstein. He died in 1261 in the Franciscan friary in Kiel, which he himself had founded, whereupon Holstein was divided between his sons John (of Holstein-Kiel) and Gerhard (of Holstein-Itzehoe).

He married Heilwig of Lippe, daughter of Herman II, Lord of Lippe and by her had the following children:

• Mechthild (1225–1288): she married firstly in 1237 Abel of Denmark, Duke of Schleswig and later King of Denmark (this marriage provided the basis for later claims by the Schauenburgers on the Duchy of Schleswig); and secondly Birger Jarl, Regent of Sweden
• John I, Count of Holstein-Kiel (1229–1263)
• Gerhard I, Count of Holstein-Itzehoe (1232–1290)
• Ludolf, d. in childhood

• Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie 1875, vol 1, p 108 (digital version de.wikisource): Adolf IV. (Graf von Holstein) (in German)
• Neue deutsche Biographie, vol. 1, Berlin, 1953 Adolf IV., Graf von Holstein (article by Heinz Maybaum) (in German)

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Adolphus IV, Count of Holstein.

• genealogie-mittelalter.de (in German)