Alishan National Scenic Area

View from Alishan.

Formosan cypress.

Alishan is 415 square kilometres (41,500 ha) in area. Notable characteristics include mountain wilderness, four villages, waterfalls, high altitude tea plantations, the Alishan Forest Railway, and a number of hiking trails. The area is popular with tourists and mountain climbers. Alishan, itself has become one of the major landmarks associated with Taiwan. The area is famous for its production of high mountain tea and wasabi.

Alishan is well known for its sunrises, and on a suitable morning one can observe the sun come up on a sea of clouds in the area between Alishan and Yüshan. Alishan, along with Taroko Gorge and Sun Moon Lake, is one of Taiwan's most popular scenic attractions.

Alishan National Scenic Area spans a broad range in altitude. Lower elevations, such as in Leye Township, share the same subtropical and tropical climate as the rest of southern Taiwan, while the climate changes to temperate and alpine as the elevation increases. Snow sometimes falls at higher elevations in the winter.

Alishan National Scenic Area covers most, but not all, of Alishan Rural Township in Chiayi County, as well as parts of neighboring townships in Taiwan.

Average temperatures are moderate:

• Low elevations: 24 °C in the summer, 16 °C in the winter.
• Medium elevations: 19 °C in the summer, 12 °C in the winter.
• High elevations: 14 °C in the summer, 5 °C in the winter.

Alishan is mountainous:

• Number of peaks above 2000 meters: 25
• Highest point: Da Ta Shan (大塔山), 2,663 meters.
• Average height of Alishan Mountain Range: 2,500 meters.

Important trees in the area include:

• Taiwania cryptomerioides, a large coniferous tree in the cypress family Cupressaceae (the same family as the next three species)
• Chamaecyparis formosensis, or Formosan Cypress
• Chamaecyparis taiwanensis
• Cunninghamia konishii
• Pinus taiwanensis, or Taiwan Red Pine
• Picea morrisonicola, or Yüshan Spruce
• Pseudotsuga sinensis var. wilsoniana, or Taiwan Douglas-fir
• Abies kawakamii, a species of conifer in the family Pinaceae, only found in Taiwan
• Tsuga chinensis var. formosana, Taiwan or Chinese Hemlock
• Ulmus uyematsui, a species of elm only found in the Alishan region

A Japanese-built train on the Alishan Forest Railway.

Boardwalk at Alishan National Scenic Area.

Tsou Cultural Park.

The Alishan area was originally settled by the Tsou tribe of the Taiwanese aborigines; the name derives from the aboriginal word Jarissang. Ethnic Han Chinese settlers first settled on the plains near modern-day Chiayi as early as the late Ming Dynasty (around the mid-17th century), but did not move into the mountains until the late 18th century, establishing the towns of Ruili (瑞里), Ruifeng (瑞峰), Xiding (隙頂), and Fenqihu (奮起湖). The resulting armed clashes between the settlers and the aborigines pushed the aborigines even further into the mountains.

Following the cession of Taiwan to Japan at the end of the First Sino-Japanese War, Japanese expeditions to the area found large quantities of cypress (檜木, or hinoki in Japanese). This led to the development of the logging industry in the area and the export of local cypress and Taiwania wood. A series of narrow-gauge railways were built in the area during this time to facilitate the transportation of lumber from the mountains to the plains below, part of which continues to operate as the Alishan Forest Railway. Several new villages also began to sprout up along the railway lines. It was also during this time that the first tourists began to visit the area. Plans were even drawn up to incorporate the area into the new Niitaka (New Highest) Arisan National Park (新高阿里山国立公園).

With the exhaustion of forest resources by the 1970s, domestic and international tourism overtook logging to become the primary economic activity in the area. The tourism industry continued to expand with the completion of the Alishan highway in the 1980s, displacing the railroad as the primary mode of transportation up the mountain. To combat the problems associated with the growing crowds of tourists and the expanding tea and wasabi plantations, the area was declared a national scenic area in 2001.

On 1 December 2014, fire broke out at Alishan spreading over more than 5 hectares of land. The area affected was located near Tapang No. 3 Bridge. The fire was believed to happen due to dry ground which was vulnerable to fire because of the absence of rain in the area for months.[1]

Fenqihu (奮起湖) is a small town of low wooden buildings built into the mountainside at 1,400 meters, midpoint of the Alishan Forest Railway. It is famous for natural rock formations, mountain streams, forests, and the ruins of a Shinto temple in the vicinity, as well as for its production of high altitude food products such as bamboo shoots and aiyu jelly (愛玉). The local box lunches (奮起湖便當, Fenqihu bento) are known across Taiwan and are sold from stalls at the train station and from Fenqihu Hotel on the Fenqihu Old Street[2] Fenqihu is currently the terminal end of the Alishan Forest Railway line from Chiayi to Alishan,[3] since the railway was heavily damaged by Typhoon Morakot in 2009 and only the Chiayi to Fenqihu portion was reopened in 2014.[4]

• National parks of Taiwan
• Alishan Range
• Alishan Forest Railway
• List of tourist attractions in Taiwan

Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Alishan.

• Media related to Alishan National Scenic Area at Wikimedia Commons
• Alishan Township Office
• Alishan National Scenic Area Official Website