Alum Cave Trail
The Alum Cave Trail (also referred to as Alum Cave Bluff Trail) is an American hiking trail in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, in Sevier County, Tennessee. The trail ascends Mount Le Conte, the sixth highest mountain east of the Mississippi River, and passes by many notable landmarks, such as Arch Rock, Inspiration Point, the Duckhawk Peaks, and Cliff Top, before merging with Rainbow Falls Trail near the summit.
| Alum Cave Trail | |
|---|---|
 The trailhead of the Alum Cave Trail | |
| Length | 5.0 mi (8 km) |
| Location | Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Tennessee, United States |
| Trailheads | Mount Le Conte, Tennessee (Trailhead near Walker Camp Prong off U.S. Highway 441) Terminus at junction with the Rainbow Falls Trail near the LeConte Lodge[1] |
| Use | Hiking |
| Elevation | |
| Elevation change | 2,700 ft (820 m) |
| Highest point | Junction with the Rainbow Falls Trail |
| Lowest point | Trailhead at Walker Camp Prong |
| Hiking details | |
| Trail difficulty | Moderately strenuous |
| Season | Spring to Fall |
| Sights | Arch Rock, Alum Cave Bluff, Great Smoky Mountains |
| Hazards | Ice (in winter), loose rocks |
History
The first recorded account of Alum Cave goes back to 1837 when three farmers, Ephraim Mingus, Robert Collins, and George W. Hayes from the Oconaluftee Indian Village in the Great Smoky Mountains applied at the Sevier County (Tennessee) Land Office for a grant of a 50-acre (200,000 m2) tract of land that would include Alum Cave and its salt deposits. Tennessee sold the tract of land to the three men on December 6, 1838. The Epsom Salts Manufacturing Company was formed to mine the deposit. The materials mined were alum, magnesium sulfate, saltpeter, magnesia, and copperas. The easily accessible salts were depleted by the mid-1840s, but mining resumed during the Civil War. There is no report on any mining after the Civil War.[2]
Trail synopsis
The Alum Cave Trail is the shortest and steepest of the five trails leading to the Le Conte massif, which contains four separate peaks in all, the highest of which has an elevation of 6,593 feet (2,010 m). Due to its short length and scenery (it is often considered Le Conte's most scenic route) it is the most common footpath for hikers seeking to reach the summit of Le Conte.
The entire trail is within Great Smoky Mountains National Park. The trailhead is about 10 miles (16 km) from the town of Gatlinburg, Tennessee, off Newfound Gap Road (U.S. Highway 441)
Trailhead to Arch Rock
The Alum Cave Trail begins its ascent at 3,834 feet (1,169 m) by quickly crossing two streams: Walker Camp Prong and Alum Cave Creek, the latter of which flanks the trail for the first 1.3 miles (2.1 km) of its length. This first leg of the trail leads the hiker through an old-growth forest, consisting largely of hemlock and yellow birch and is relatively easy, as the climb is gradual and the footpath is well-maintained due to its heavy traffic. The first notable landmark comes 1.3 miles (2.1 km) into the hike at what is known as Arch Rock, which is a large black slate rock that has, over millennia, come to create, as the name indicates, a large natural arch. Hikers maneuver easily through the cold, moist rock via stairs and steel cables acting as handrails which are placed at numerous points along the footpath.
Arch Rock to Alum Cave Bluff
A hiker who ascends beyond Arch Rock will gradually hear the shift from the powerful company of Alum Cave Creek to the smaller Styx Branch, which accompanies the path for a short distance. Inspiration Point is the next landmark along this less trafficked, though still popular, portion of the trail. Upon this outcropping of rocks about 4,700 feet (1,400 m) in elevation, a hiker can, on a clear day, get an unobscured view of the surrounding landscape, most notably Little Duck Hawk Ridge. Not far from Inspiration Point, the Eye of the Needle (a round, see-through hole cut into the side of Little Duck Hawk Ridge) can be seen to the left as the hiker continues along the now rocky trail. Not far from there, at 2.2 miles (3.5 km) from the trail head, the hiker finds the ubiquitous orange clay of Alum Cave Bluff. The bluff is at 4,950 feet (1,510 m) in elevation,[3] and is 80 feet (24 m) in height. The bluff is the final destination along the trail for many hikers. In winter, massive icicles often form and crash down onto the trail, making the bluff dangerous; in other seasons, the bluff forms a shelter from the frequent rainstorms in these mountains.
Alum Cave Bluff to the LeConte Lodge
Once the hiker reaches this final section of the trail (over half of the path's total distance) most of the company has been left behind, leaving only hikers headed for Le Conte's pinnacle. The first half mile or so beyond the bluffs is the single steepest portion of the hike, and included in this section is Gracie's Pulpit. Named for the matron of the mountain, Gracie McNichol, who famously hiked the trail on her 92nd birthday (among very many other times), the pulpit marks the halfway point of the Alum Cave Bluff Trail. From here the onlooker can get as clear a view as any other along the trail of the four peaks of Le Conte (West Point, Cliff Tops, High Top, and Myrtle Point). After Gracie's Pulpit, the trail is a scenic, peaceful hike through highland Appalachia toward the end of the trail, with many small water crossings and overlooks along the way. Once the 6,000-foot (1,800 m) plateau is reached, what once was a beautiful Fraser fir zone, which due to the ravages of the balsam wooly adelgid and acid rain, now is dominated with dead trees. A prolific crop of healthy young Fraser firs grows in the place of the old dead ones in many areas, giving hope for the future of the species. At the terminus the trail merges into the Rainbow Falls Trail is the LeConte Lodge. The lodge provides the only commercial lodging in the national park, as it operates about ten rustic cabins with no electricity or appliances. For many, this signals the end of their journey, but the actual peaks of Le Conte all have separate trails a short distance from the lodge, with Cliff Tops and Myrtle Point each offering expansive panoramas of the mountains and valleys below.
References
- Mount LeConte, TN, 7.5 Minute Topographic Quadrangle, USGS, 1964 (1989 rev.)
- T. Dennis Coskren and Robert J. Lauf, The Minerals of Alum, Cave Bluff: Great Smoky Mountains, Tennessee., Mineralological Record. March/April 2000
- "Alum Cave Bluff Trail Description By Ed Wright, Who Hiked the Trail Over One-Thousand Times". Mtleconte.com. 1993-06-29. Archived from the original on 2012-11-23. Retrieved 2013-01-02.
External links
Maps and directions
"Great Smoky Mountains National Park: Plan Your Visit: Hike to Alum Cave".
"Great Smoky Mountains National Park: Maps".
The Alum Cave Trail is shown on the Mount Le Conte 1:24,000-scale topographic map published by the National Park Service: "Mt Le Conte Quadrangle, Great Smoky Mountains 7 minute 1:00,000-scale series Topographic Maps" (PDF).
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Alum Cave Trail. |