Anne Penny

Anne Penny
Anne Penny
Born	Anne Hughes; 6 January 1729; Bangor, Wales
Died	17 March 1784 (aged 55); Bagshot, England
Occupation	Poet
Language	English; Welsh;
Nationality	British
Notable works	An Invocation to the Genius of Britain
Spouse	Thomas Christian (1746–51); Peter Penny (1750s–1779);
Children	Hugh Cloberry Christian

Anne Penny (née Hughes; 6 January 1729 – 17 March 1784) was a British poet, born in Wales to a vicar and his wife. She married a privateer who owned an estate in Oxford but was left widowed at the age of 22 with a son, Hugh Cloberry Christian, so began writing poetry. She married a French customs officer, again with a maritime history and the couple moved to London. There she published a number of works, including her most significant poem An Invocation to the Genius of Britain, a patriotic piece written at the start of the Anglo-French War. She also published a number of translations of Welsh poems.

Biography

Penny was born Anne Hughes in Bangor and baptised on 6 January 1729. Her father was Bulkeley Hughes, the vicar of Edern and previously the vicar of Bangor, and her mother was Mary Hughes.[1] She married Thomas Christian in 1746, a privateer captain with a letter of marque who captured several Spanish galleons,[2][3] allowing him to purchase an estate at Hook Norton in Oxfordshire. In 1747 the couple had a son, Hugh Cloberry Christian, who went on to follow his father's maritime traditions and became a rear admiral in the navy.[1]

Thomas Christian died in 1751, leaving Penny widowed at the age of twenty-two.[2] She turned to writing and published her first work, Cambridge: a poem in 1756, which she published under the name Ann Christian.[4] She married Peter Penny (or Penné), a French customs officer who had lost his leg whilst in the navy. The couple moved into a house in Bloomsbury Square, where Penny carried on her writing and translating poetry.[1] She learned Welsh as child and it may have been her first language.[5] Peter Penny died around 1779, so Penny published her works to raise money.[1] Anne Penny died in London on 17 March 1784.[6]

Poetry

Penny's most important poem was her 1778 work, An Invocation to the Genius of Britain, written in rhyming couplets. It was written to the Duchess of Devonshire,[7] at the start of the Anglo-French War and included themes of imperialism and the glorification of the navy.[8]

Penny also wrote a number of nationalistic Welsh poems and maintained an interest in Thomas Gray's Celtic work.. Her 1771 book Poems, with a Dramatic Entertainment included these, as well as translations of poems Taliesin's Poem to Prince Elphin and An Elegy on Neest from Evan Evans's book.[9]

Although Penny's work was criticised for poor grammar and linking this to her social standing,[10] it was subscribed to by Samuel Johnson, the Duchess of Bedford, the Duke and Duchess of Marlborough and Horace Walpole. She was also commissioned to write poems by the Marine Society.[1]

External links

Poems: Anne Penny, Taliesin, Ossian (London, 1780)

References

"Penny [née Hughes; other married name Christian], Anne (bap. 1729, d. 1780/1784)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/74054. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
The 1887 Oxford Dictionary of National Biography mentions that Thomas Christian's great granddaughter wrote an inaccurate account of him, where she claims he was a Captain in the Navy, and that he died in a bar fight in 1753, but he was more likely a privateer. Laughton, J. K. (1887). Christian, SIR Hugh Cloberry (1747–1798),). Oxford University Press.
The Peerage: Captain Thomas Christian
Rogers, Paul Baines, Julian Ferraro, Pat (2011). The Wiley-Blackwell encyclopedia of eighteenth-century writers and writing, 1660–1789 (1. publ. ed.). Chichester, West Sussex, U.K.: Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 9781405156691. Archived from the original on 1 June 2016. Retrieved 25 March 2016.
Summit, Jennifer; Bicks, Caroline, eds. (2010). The history of British women's writing, 1750–1830 (illustrated ed.). Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 115. ISBN 9780230550711.
"Deaths". St. James's Chronicle or the British Evening Post (3598). London, England. 27 March 1784. p. 4.
Guest, Harriet (2000). "Chapter 4". Small Change: Women, Learning, Patriotism, 1750–1810 (Illustrated ed.). University of Chicago Press. pp. 102–103. ISBN 9780226310527. Retrieved 17 April 2016.
Aaron, Jane (2010). "Writing Ancient Britain". Nineteenth-Century Women's Writing in Wales: Nation, Gender and Identity (Revised ed.). University of Wales Press. pp. 48–49. ISBN 9780708322871.
Prescott, Sarah (2015). "Place and Publication". In Ingrassia, Catherine (ed.). The Cambridge Companion to Women's Writing in Britain, 1660–1789. Cambridge University Press. pp. 65–66. ISBN 9781107013162.
Tieken-Boon van Ostade, Ingrid; van der Wurff, Wim (2009). "Periodical reviews and the rise of prescriptivism". Current issues in late modern English (illustrated ed.). Bern: Peter Lang. p. 129. ISBN 9783039116607.

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[ODNB-1] "Penny [née Hughes; other married name Christian], Anne (bap. 1729, d. 1780/1784)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/74054. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)

[oldbio-2] The 1887 Oxford Dictionary of National Biography mentions that Thomas Christian's great granddaughter wrote an inaccurate account of him, where she claims he was a Captain in the Navy, and that he died in a bar fight in 1753, but he was more likely a privateer. Laughton, J. K. (1887). Christian, SIR Hugh Cloberry (1747–1798),). Oxford University Press.

[3] The Peerage: Captain Thomas Christian

[Extract-4] Rogers, Paul Baines, Julian Ferraro, Pat (2011). The Wiley-Blackwell encyclopedia of eighteenth-century writers and writing, 1660–1789 (1. publ. ed.). Chichester, West Sussex, U.K.: Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 9781405156691. Archived from the original on 1 June 2016. Retrieved 25 March 2016.

[5] Summit, Jennifer; Bicks, Caroline, eds. (2010). The history of British women's writing, 1750–1830 (illustrated ed.). Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 115. ISBN 9780230550711.

[6] "Deaths". St. James's Chronicle or the British Evening Post (3598). London, England. 27 March 1784. p. 4.

[7] Guest, Harriet (2000). "Chapter 4". Small Change: Women, Learning, Patriotism, 1750–1810 (Illustrated ed.). University of Chicago Press. pp. 102–103. ISBN 9780226310527. Retrieved 17 April 2016.

[Aaron-8] Aaron, Jane (2010). "Writing Ancient Britain". Nineteenth-Century Women's Writing in Wales: Nation, Gender and Identity (Revised ed.). University of Wales Press. pp. 48–49. ISBN 9780708322871.

[Cambridge-9] Prescott, Sarah (2015). "Place and Publication". In Ingrassia, Catherine (ed.). The Cambridge Companion to Women's Writing in Britain, 1660–1789. Cambridge University Press. pp. 65–66. ISBN 9781107013162.

[10] Tieken-Boon van Ostade, Ingrid; van der Wurff, Wim (2009). "Periodical reviews and the rise of prescriptivism". Current issues in late modern English (illustrated ed.). Bern: Peter Lang. p. 129. ISBN 9783039116607.