Anti-trawling device

Trawling is a controversial fishing practice which has attracted environmental, legal, and political objections. Anti-trawling devices have been invented, manufactured, and deployed to damage trawlers' nets and thus slow them down, force them to stop operating, or force them elsewhere. They are usually large concrete blocks with metal hooks or blades embedded in their tops. Anti-trawling devices are being used by environmental groups, fishermen, and sometimes even by governments.[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]

References
  1. "Creation of the Artificial Shellfish Reefs and Anti Trawling Devices". Marine Conservation Cambodia - Volunteer Internship in Marine Conservation and Research. 2016-10-14. Retrieved 2021-01-17.
  2. Tessier, A; Verdoit-Jarraya, M; Blouet, S; Dalias, N; Lenfant, P (2014-05-07). "A case study of artificial reefs as a potential tool for maintaining artisanal fisheries in the French Mediterranean Sea". Aquatic Biology. Inter-Research Science Center. 20 (3): 255–272. doi:10.3354/ab00563. ISSN 1864-7782.
  3. Iannibelli, M.; Musmarra, D. (2008). "Effects of anti‐trawling artificial reefs on fish assemblages: The case of Salerno Bay (Mediterranean Sea)". Italian Journal of Zoology. Informa UK Limited. 75 (4): 385–394. doi:10.1080/11250000802365290. ISSN 1125-0003.
  4. "Position and monitoring of anti-trawling reefs in the Cape of Trafalgar (Gulf of Cadiz, SW Spain) September 2000 Bulletin of Marine Science -Miami- 67(2):761-77 Juan J. Muñoz-Pérez Jose Manuel Gutierrez-Mas Jose M. Naranjo Enrique Torres". Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  5. Serrano, Alberto; Rodríguez-Cabello, Cristina; Sánchez, Francisco; Velasco, Francisco; Olaso, Ignacio; Punzón, Antonio (2010-06-02). "Effects of anti-trawling artificial reefs on ecological indicators of inner shelf fish and invertebrate communities in the Cantabrian Sea (southern Bay of Biscay)". Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. Cambridge University Press (CUP). 91 (3): 623–633. doi:10.1017/s0025315410000329. ISSN 0025-3154.
  6. Ramos-EsplÁ, Alfonso A.; GuillÉn, Juan E.; Bayle, Just T.; SÁnchez-JÉrez, Pablo (2000). "Artificial Anti-trawling Reefs off Alicante, South-Eastern Iberian Peninsula: Evolution of Reef Block and Set Designs". Artificial Reefs in European Seas. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands. pp. 195–218. doi:10.1007/978-94-011-4215-1_12. ISBN 978-0-7923-6144-2.
  7. "Anti-trawling block "NETTUNO"". Acquatecno. 2016-07-26. Retrieved 2021-01-17.
  8. "Subtidal Benthic Invertebrate Conservation: Global Evidence for the Effects of Interventions".
  9. "Install physical barriers to prevent trawling". Conservation Evidence. Retrieved 2021-01-17.
  10. "Spain investigating claims that Gibraltar has further blocked bay". El País. 2013-08-23. Retrieved 2021-01-17.
  11. "Fishing Protection - OPEC Egypt". 2017-07-17. Retrieved 2021-01-17.
  12. "Gibraltar Dispute: Spanish Fishermen in Reef Protest - Other Media news". Tasnim News Agency. 2013-08-19. Retrieved 2021-01-17.
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