Antipater Epigonos

Antipater Epigonos[1][2] also known as Antipater[3] (Greek: Αντίπατρος Επίγονος, flourished second half of 3rd century BC and first half of 2nd century BC) was a Greek Prince from Asia Minor.

Family Background

Antipater was a prince of Thessalian and Macedonian ancestry. He was the son born to Epigonos of Telmessos by an unnamed wife.[4][5] He had a paternal uncle called Lysimachus of Telmessos;[6][7] had a paternal first cousin called Ptolemy II of Telmessos[8][9] and had a paternal first-cousin-once-removed, called Berenice.[10]

Through his father, Antipater was a direct descendant of Lysimachus who was one of the Diadochi of the Greek King Alexander the Great who was King of Thrace, Asia Minor and Macedonia[11] and Ptolemy I Soter another of the Diadochi of the Greek King Alexander the Great who was the founder of the Ptolemaic dynasty of Ancient Egypt and his wife, Berenice I of Egypt.

Life

Little is known on the life of Antipater, as he was a part of the Lysimachid dynasty, which is also known as the Ptolemaic/Lysimachid dynasty in Lycia[12] in ruling the city of Telmessos. Antipater was born and raised in Telmessos in Lycia at an unknown date during the reign of Lysimachus of Telmessos. Lysimachus of Telmessos, ruled as the second Ptolemaic Client King of Telmessos from February 240 BC until his death in 206 BC. Lysimachus’ son, Ptolemy II of Telmessos, ruled from 206 BC until at least 181 BC. Ptolemy II was the fourth and final ruler from their family to rule Telmessos and was also, the third and final Ptolemaic Client King of Telmessos.

His first name Antipater, recalls the great marshal Antipater of Philip II of Macedon and Alexander the Great.[13] Antipater was a distant relation of the great marshal Antipater, through Berenice I. Berenice I was the great-niece of the great marshal Antipater, through her maternal grandfather Cassander, the brother of Antipater.[14] His second name Epigonos, which is his Epithet means in Greek heir.[15] His Epithet is attest from his paternal grandfather Ptolemy I Epigone.[16]

It seems likely that his family had relative autonomy from Ptolemaic control increased[17] and it is unclear his family's relationship were with the Pharaohs in Alexandria.[18] As Ptolemaic power declined rapidly and dramatically outside of Egypt after the death of Ptolemy III Euergetes in 222 BC, probably Antipater's father and their extended family had the motive and opportunity for divorcing themselves from Ptolemaic suzerainty.[19] At an unknown date during the reign of Lysimachus of Telmessos, Antipater and his relatives were enjoying excellent cordial relations with the Seleucid monarch Antiochus III the Great.[20] Antiochus III reigned from 222 BC until 187 BC, was an enemy of the Ptolemies who was at the time expanding Seleucid power in Asia Minor.[21]

In 197 BC, the region of Lycia was no longer under Ptolemaic control as it was under the occupation of Antiochus III,[22] thus Ptolemy II became a Client King of Telmessos under Seleucid rule. By this time Ptolemy II, Antipater with their families having excellent relations with Antiochus III reveals they had broken away from Ptolemaic influence,[23] however there is a possibility their family connections with the Ptolemaic dynasty wasn't not wholly broken.

During the Treaty of Apamea in 188 BC, Antiochus III was forced to give the region of Lycia to the King Eumenes II of Pergamon.[24] In the Treaty of Apamea, Ptolemy II's position was explicitly safeguarded.[25] According to dedication inscriptions on the Greek island of Delos, Ptolemy II made offerings of thanks for the Peace of Apamea. This included an offering from Ptolemy II in association with Antipater.[26] From 188 BC until at least 181 BC, Ptolemy II became a Client King under the rule of Eumenes II. Probably Ptolemy II sided with Rome[27] as Eumenes II was an ally to Rome. Though Ptolemy II was able to retain his rule of Telmessos and his major land-holdings under Eumenes II, the family of Ptolemy II and Antipater is not heard of thereafter.[28] Antipater was the likely father of Epigonos by an unnamed wife.[29]

References
  1. Ptolemaic Genealogy: Ptolemy "the Son", Footnote 12
  2. Billows, Kings and colonists: aspects of Macedonian imperialism, p.103
  3. Billows, Kings and colonists: aspects of Macedonian imperialism, p.110
  4. Ptolemaic Genealogy: Ptolemy "the Son", Footnote 12
  5. Billows, Kings and colonists: aspects of Macedonian imperialism, p.p.103&110
  6. Ptolemaic Genealogy: Ptolemy "the Son", Footnote 12
  7. Billows, Kings and colonists: aspects of Macedonian imperialism, p.110
  8. Ptolemaic Genealogy: Ptolemy "the Son", Footnote 12
  9. Billows, Kings and colonists: aspects of Macedonian imperialism, p.103
  10. Billows, Kings and colonists: aspects of Macedonian imperialism, p.110
  11. Lysimachus’ article at Livius.org
  12. Billows, Kings and colonists: aspects of Macedonian imperialism, p.p.103&229
  13. Billows, Kings and colonists: aspects of Macedonian imperialism, p.103
  14. Ptolemaic Genealogy: Berenice I
  15. Ptolemaic Genealogy: Ptolemy "the Son", Footnote 9
  16. Billows, Kings and colonists: aspects of Macedonian imperialism, p.103
  17. Billows, Kings and colonists: aspects of Macedonian imperialism, p.102
  18. Bagnall, The administration of the Ptolemaic possessions outside Egypt, p.234
  19. Billows, Kings and colonists: aspects of Macedonian imperialism, p.102
  20. Billows, Kings and colonists: aspects of Macedonian imperialism, p.102
  21. Billows, Kings and colonists: aspects of Macedonian imperialism, p.103
  22. Cohen, The Hellenistic settlements in Europe, the Island, and Asia Minor, p.330
  23. Bagnall, The administration of the Ptolemaic possessions outside Egypt, p.107
  24. Ptolemaic Genealogy: Ptolemy "the Son", Footnote 12
  25. Grainger, A Seleukid prosopography and gazetteer, p.115
  26. Ptolemaic Genealogy: Ptolemy "the Son", Footnote 12
  27. Billows, Kings and colonists: aspects of Macedonian imperialism, p.103
  28. Billows, Kings and colonists: aspects of Macedonian imperialism, p.103
  29. Billows, Kings and colonists: aspects of Macedonian imperialism, p.103

Sources
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