Atlantic Food and Horticulture Research Centre

The Atlantic Food and Horticulture Research Centre is a branch of Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada's national network of 19 research centres stationed across Canada.[1] The site is situated on 464 acres (188 ha; 0.725 sq mi) in Kentville, located in Nova Scotia's Annapolis Valley. The Centre's programs address agricultural challenges throughout the Canadian horticultural and food network, but primarily focus on the regional requirements of Atlantic Canada.[2] On September 2, 2003, the centre's staff was recognized by Environment Canada for providing a volunteer climate observation station for a continuous 70 years.[3] On January 26, 2011, and in honour of their centennial celebration, the centre was bestowed with an honorary membership to the Nova Scotia Fruit Growers Association in recognition of the centre's development and support of a sustainable tree fruit industry in Atlantic Canada.[4]

Atlantic Food and Horticulture Centre
Main façade of the Atlantic Food and Horticulture Centre
Location within Canada
Former namesKentville Research Centre
General information
LocationNova Scotia, Canada
CountryCanada
Coordinates45°04′08″N 64°28′41″W
Elevation20 m (66 ft)
Construction started1911
OwnerCanadian federal government
Website
Official website

History

The centre was first established as the Kentville Research Centre by the Canadian federal government in 1911 on request by the Nova Scotia Fruit Growers Association.[5] During the early 20th century, Nova Scotia's 2.5 million apple trees were the major supplier of apples to England[6] and the association requested assistance to help expand commercial production to meet demand.

In 1912 William Saxby Blair was appointed the centre's first Superintendent, and research began on breeding new fruit varieties, experimenting with planting and harvesting methods, and improving pest and disease resistance. Trials did not focus solely on apples, however, and by 1929 had grown to include many different fruits and vegetables, cereals, flax and hemp. The centre also expanded its research to encompass crop protection, water management and evaluation, post-harvest storage, seed indexing, and an extensive pollination study, housing 184 bee colonies at the centre by 1928.[6]

The centre's research into large-scale food dehydration, canning, and freezing created export opportunities for fruit and vegetable producers that had outgrown the local markets ability to sustain their expansion. In 1929 Cecil B. Eidt developed a forced-air food dehydrator that improved the production of dehydrated fruits and vegetables.[6] The Eidt Dehydrator allowed production of thousands of tonnes of dehydrated vegetables in Canada during World War II and was the leading dehydration technology until the 1960s.[6]

In 1933, Dr. Charles Eaves launched a post-harvest research program at the centre, and in 1939 introduced one of the first atmospherically controlled storage facilities for fruits and vegetables in the western hemisphere.[7] The unit extended the shelf life of produce by lowering the ambient amount of oxygen and carbon dioxide, which help to trigger organic decomposition.[8]

The centre also expanded its studies to include chicken-egg incubation research, and poultry health and breeding, decreasing by half the time required to raise a 2 kilograms (4.4 lb) chicken.[6]

In 1996 the Honeycrisp apple variety (developed by the University of Minnesota[9]) was recognized as a potential high quality cultivar for Nova Scotia's growing climate, and research began on establishing proper production methods and post-harvest storage.[10] This variety became extremely popular with consumers,[11][12] and as of 2011 there were more than 100,000 honeycrisp apple trees planted in the province.[6]

In 1995 The Kentville Research Centre was renamed the Atlantic Food and Horticulture Research Centre.[6]

Present
The Main Barn
Blair House Museum

As of 2012, the centre employs 35 researchers with a total staff of 120,[13] and continues its projects and studies concerning agricultural research. Two structures at the centre are officially recognized by the Canadian government as historical places:

  • The Main Barn, built in 1912, is noted both for its historic and architectural value and was designated as a Federal Heritage Building in 1994.[14]
  • "Building 18" (Also known as Blair House) was built in 1911 and served as the presiding superintendent's residence until 1979. It is recognized for its historical, architectural, and environmental value and was designated as a Federal Heritage Building in 1994.[15] Building 18 was converted into the Blair House Museum and was opened to the public on May 29, 1981. The museum showcases the history of Nova Scotia's apple industry and the past and present research of the centre.[16]

A popular hiking trail is also located at the centre. The Kentville Ravine Trail is approximately 4.3 kilometres (2.7 mi) long and follows a small brook through old growth Hemlock trees. Clean water, a picnic area, and flush toilets are provided at the trail head.[17]

Each June the centre hosts an annual open-house called Rhododendron Sunday. Visitors are able to tour the facility and the gardens, whose collection of azaleas and rhododendrons comprise the largest collection of flowering shrubs in Atlantic Canada.[18]

Satellite operations

Nappan Research Farm

The Atlantic Food and Horticulture Research Station also manages the Nappan Research Farm in Nappan, Nova Scotia. The farm is located in northern part of the province in close proximity to Amherst and the New Brunswick border.[13]

The research farm was created in 1888 and is one of the five original experimental farms established in Canada. The site encompasses 598 acres (242 ha; 0.934 sq mi) of mixed pastureland, including reclaimed salt marshes.[19]

Study focuses primarily on climate monitoring, soil research (including full botanical and nutritional analysis), estimating pasture biomass, and the analyzing of forage and feed samples.[20] The centre also extends into livestock research, housing 80 beef cow/calf pairs, 60 finishing cattle, and 25-30 heifers.[21]

Sheffield Research Farm

The Sheffield farm was established in 1957 and occupies 187 acres (76 ha; 0.292 sq mi) located in Upper Canard, Nova Scotia.[22] As with the Nappan Research Farm, research is primarily based on soil study including drainage, climate monitoring, and vegetation research.[22] As of 2016, the Sheffield Research farm has been sold and is no longer a part of AAFC.

References
  1. "Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada". Nserc-crsng.gc.ca. 2012-07-16. Archived from the original on 2014-08-06. Retrieved 2012-10-22.
  2. "Atlantic Food and Horticulture Research Centre - Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC)". .agr.gc.ca. 2011-02-14. Retrieved 2012-10-22.
  3. "Environment Canada Honours Volunteer Climate Observers". Environment Canada. 2003-09-02. Retrieved 26 October 2012.
  4. "Centre Honoured by Nova Scotia Fruit Growers". Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. 2011-02-14. Retrieved 26 October 2012.
  5. "Nova Scotia Apples - History of the NSFGA". Nsapples.com. Retrieved 2012-10-22.
  6. "Kentville's Century of Science" (PDF). Publications.gc.ca. 2011. Retrieved 2012-10-22.
  7. "Doctor of Laws upon Charles Albert Eaves" (PDF). Nsac.ca. Retrieved 2012-10-22.
  8. "Modified Atmospheres Packaging and the Fresh-cut Revolution" (PDF). Ucce.ucdavis.edu. May 1997. Retrieved 2012-10-22.
  9. "Honeycrisp Apple Cultivar". Extension.umn.edu. 1992. Archived from the original on 2012-11-01. Retrieved 2012-10-22.
  10. "Honeycrisp apples grown in Nova Scotia" (PDF). Smfarm.cfans.umn.edu. 2004-04-02. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-06-22. Retrieved 2012-10-22.
  11. "Top 10 most popular apple varieties, voted by visitors to this website". Orangepippin.com. Retrieved 2012-10-22.
  12. "Honeycrisp Apple - Northscaping for Northern Gardeners". Northscaping.com. Retrieved 2012-10-22.
  13. "Science and Innovation" (PDF). www4.agr.gc.ca. 2007. Retrieved 2012-10-22.
  14. "Canada's Historic Places". HistoricPlaces.ca. 1994-04-21. Archived from the original on 2016-03-07. Retrieved 2012-10-22.
  15. "Canada's Historic Places". HistoricPlaces.ca. 1994-04-21. Archived from the original on 2015-05-18. Retrieved 2012-10-22.
  16. "Kentville Agricultural Centre Virtual Tour". Kentville.ca. Archived from the original on 2013-01-15. Retrieved 2012-10-22.
  17. "Nova Scotia Hiking Trails". Trails.gov.ns.ca. 2010-02-23. Archived from the original on 2012-05-13. Retrieved 2012-10-22.
  18. "Atlantic Food and Horticulture Research Centre Centennial Celebrations - Open House and Rhododendron Sunday". .agr.gc.ca. 2011-09-16. Retrieved 2012-10-22.
  19. "Soils of the Nappan Research Farm" (PDF). Centre for Land and Biological Resources Research. 1995. Retrieved 2012-10-22.
  20. "Atlantic Canadian Pasture Research Group - Dalhousie University". Dal.ca. Retrieved 2012-10-22.
  21. "Atlantic Canadian Pasture Research Group". Nsac.ca. Archived from the original on 2007-10-09. Retrieved 2012-10-22.
  22. "Soils of the Kentville Research Station and Sheffield Farm, Nova scotia" (PDF). Retrieved 2012-10-22.
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