Awaroa / Godley Head

Godley Head, known to Māori as Awaroa or Otokitoki for the wider area, and called Cachalot Head by early French explorers, is a prominent headland in Christchurch, New Zealand, located at the entrance to Lyttelton Harbour. The headland is named for John Robert Godley.

Awaroa / Godley Head
Godley Head (left) and Adderley Head seen from Lyttelton Harbour
LocationChristchurch, New Zealand
Coordinates43.588°S 172.800°E / -43.588; 172.800
RangePort Hills
Offshore water bodiesLyttelton Harbour

Etymology

The headland was known to Māori as Awaroa.[1] The wider area around Gollans Bay within Lyttelton Harbour is also known as Otokitoki,[1] and this Māori language word refers either to 'the place of tokitoki' (a native tree commonly known as tītoki), or a brown duck (Anas chlorotis), or New Zealand dabchick (Poliocephalus rufopectus).[2] The French whaler Cachalot, commanded by Jean Langlois, came to grief in this location in 1838, and the headland was then known Cachalot Head.[2] The headland was renamed by Captain Joseph Thomas, the chief surveyor of the Canterbury Association, in his 1849 survey of Canterbury.[2]

Location

Godley Head is the easternmost end of the Port Hills. It forms the northern boundary to the entrance of Lyttelton Harbour; the headland on the southern side of the harbour is called Adderley Head.[3] The nearest settlement is Te Onepoto / Taylors Mistake. Walking access is via Pilgrims Way along the baches of Boulder Bay. Since the late 1920s, road access has been via the Summit Road.[4]

History

The land on top of Godley Head is exposed and there is no access to fresh water, which explains why there is no evidence of early Māori occupation.[1] There was a lengthy discussion during the 1850s how a railway connection between the Christchurch Central City and Lyttelton could best be achieved. In the end, British civil engineer George Robert Stephenson was commissioned to give his recommendation based on survey plans. Stephenson discussed the option of a railway at sea level to be built along Godley Head and rejected this as "useless and unprofitable". Instead, he recommended the "direct route", and this was built as the Lyttelton Rail Tunnel.[5]

Lighthouse

Captain Thomas noted in his 1849 report that the location was ideal for a lighthouse. The Canterbury Provincial Council approved the project in 1859 and put NZ£200 into the budget for the 1859–60 financial year.[6] It was not until 1 March 1865 that the structure was put into commission.[7]

Military base

In 1939, the New Zealand army built a coastal defence site at Godley Head. There were 400 soldiers stationed there at its peak. The coastal defence site closed in 1963.[8]

Campground

The headland is owned by the Department of Conservation (DOC). In October 2016, DOC opened a simple campground with 25 sites for tents and camper vans on a 12-months trial basis.[8]

References
  1. "Pre-European History". Godley Head Heritage Trust. Retrieved 6 January 2017.
  2. Reed, A. W. (2010). Peter Dowling (ed.). Place Names of New Zealand. Rosedale, North Shore: Raupo. p. 141. ISBN 9780143204107.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  3. "Untitled". NZ Topomap. Retrieved 6 January 2017.
  4. "The Lighthouse". Godley Head Heritage Trust. Retrieved 6 January 2017.
  5. "Lyttelton and Christchurch Railway". Lyttelton Times. XII (726). 22 October 1859. p. 4. Retrieved 7 January 2017.
  6. "Estimated Expenditure for 1859–60". Lyttelton Times. XII (737). 30 November 1859. p. 4. Retrieved 7 January 2017.
  7. Densem, John (1990). "Christchurch: a chronology". Christchurch City Libraries. Retrieved 7 January 2017.
  8. Hayward, Michael (5 January 2017). "Views win over Godley Head campers". The Press. p. A3. Retrieved 21 January 2017.
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