Aylesbury

Aylesbury (/ˈeɪlzbəri/ AYLZ-bər-ee) is the county town of Buckinghamshire, South East England. It is a large ancient market town with several historic pubs, is home to the Roald Dahl Children's Gallery and, since 2010, the 1,200 seat Waterside Theatre.[4][5] The town is recognized as the spiritual cradle of the Paralympic Games.[6] It is situated in central Buckinghamshire, midway between High Wycombe and Milton Keynes.

This article is about the town in Buckinghamshire, England. For other uses, see Aylesbury (disambiguation).

Aylesbury

Kingsbury, Aylesbury

Aylesbury Clock Tower
Aylesbury
Location within Buckinghamshire
Population58,740 (2011)[1]

Urban area 71,997[2]

(Former) Aylesbury Vale district 174,137[3]
OS grid referenceSP818138
• London36 miles (58 km)
Civil parish
  • Aylesbury
Unitary authority
Ceremonial county
Region
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post townAYLESBURY
Postcode districtHP18-HP21
Dialling code01296
PoliceThames Valley
FireBuckinghamshire
AmbulanceSouth Central
UK Parliament

Aylesbury was awarded Garden Town status by the Government on 2 January 2017. The town's housing is set to grow by over 16,000 homes by 2033 in Vale of Aylesbury Local Plan.

History

The town name is of Old English origin. Its first recorded name Æglesburgh is thought to mean "Fort of Ægel", though who Ægel was is not recorded. It is also possible that Ægeles-burh, the settlement's Saxon name,[7] means "church-burgh", from the Welsh word eglwys meaning "a church" (<Latin ecclesia).[7]

Excavations in the town centre in 1985 found an Iron Age hill fort dating from the early 4th century BC. Aylesbury was one of the strongholds of the ancient Britons, from whom it was taken in the year 571 by Cutwulph, brother of Ceawlin, King of the West Saxons; and had a fortress or castle[n 1] "of some importance, from which circumstance probably it derives its Saxon appellation".[8]

Aylesbury was a major market town in Anglo-Saxon times, the burial place of Saint Osgyth, whose shrine attracted pilgrims. The Early English parish church of St. Mary (which has many later additions) has a crypt beneath. Once thought to be Anglo-Saxon, it is now recognised as being of the same period as the medieval chapel above. At the Norman conquest, the king took the manor of Aylesbury for himself, and it is listed as a royal manor in the Domesday Book, 1086. Some lands here were granted by William the Conqueror to citizens upon the tenure that the owners should provide straw for the monarch's bed, sweet herbs for his chamber and two green geese and three eels for his table, whenever he should visit Aylesbury.[8]

Market Square, Aylesbury. Aylesbury Town Hall (left)
Aylesbury Crown Court (right)

In 1450, a religious institution called the Guild of St Mary was founded in Aylesbury by John Kemp, Archbishop of York. Known popularly as the Guild of Our Lady it became a meeting place for local dignitaries and a hotbed of political intrigue. The guild was influential in the final outcome of the Wars of the Roses. Its premises at the Chantry in Church Street, Aylesbury, are still there, though today the site is used mainly for retail.

Aylesbury was declared the new county town of Buckinghamshire in 1529 by King Henry VIII: Aylesbury Manor was among the many properties belonging to Thomas Boleyn, the father of Anne Boleyn, and it is rumoured that the change was made by the King to curry favour with the family.[n 2] The plague decimated the population in 1603/4.[9]

Statue of John Hampden in Aylesbury's Market Square

The town played a large part in the English Civil War when it became a stronghold for the Parliamentarian forces, like many market towns a nursing-ground of Puritan sentiment and in 1642 the Battle of Aylesbury was fought and won by the Parliamentarians. Its proximity to Great Hampden, home of John Hampden has made of Hampden a local hero: his silhouette is on the emblem used by Aylesbury Vale District Council and his statue stands prominently in the town centre. Aylesbury-born composer, Rutland Boughton (1878–1960), possibly inspired by the statue of John Hampden, created a symphony based on Oliver Cromwell.

On 18 March 1664, Robert Bruce, 2nd Earl of Elgin in the Peerage of Scotland was created 1st Earl of Ailesbury[n 3]

The grade II* listed Jacobean mansion of Hartwell adjoining the southwest of the town was the residence of Louis XVIII during his exile (1810–1814). Bourbon Street in Aylesbury is named after the king. Louis's wife, Marie Josephine of Savoy died at Hartwell in 1810 and is the only French queen to have died on English soil. After her death, her body was carried first to Westminster Abbey, and one year later to Sardinia, where the Savoy King of Sardinia had withdrawn during Napoleonic occupation of Turin and Piedmont; she is buried in the Cathedral of Cagliari.

Aylebury's heraldic crest[10] displays the Aylesbury duck, which has been bred here since the birth of the Industrial Revolution, although only one breeder, Richard Waller, of true Aylesbury ducks remains today.[11]

The town also received international publicity in the 1963 when the culprits responsible for the Great Train Robbery (1963) were tried at Aylesbury Rural District Council Offices in Walton Street and sentenced at Aylesbury Crown Court. The robbery took place at Bridego Bridge, a railway bridge at Ledburn, about six miles (10 km) from the town.

Gentlemen of the Jury, an 1861 painting by John Morgan of a jury in Aylesbury

A notable institution is Aylesbury Grammar School which was founded in 1598. The original building is now part of the County Museum buildings in Church Street and has grade II* architecture;[12] other grammar schools now include Sir Henry Floyd Grammar School and Aylesbury High School. Other notable buildings are the King's Head Inn, (which with the Fleece Inn at Bretforton, is one of the few public houses in the country owned by the National Trust still run as a public house) and the Queens Park Centre.

James Henry Govier the British painter and etcher lived at Aylesbury and produced a number of works relating to the town including the church, canal, Walton, Aylesbury Gaol, the King's Head Inn and views of the town during the 1940s and 1950s, examples of which can be seen in the Buckinghamshire County Museum in Aylesbury.[n 4]

Demography

The town's population has grown from 28,000 in the 1960s to almost 72,000 in 2011[1][13] due in the main to new housing developments, including many London overspill housing estates, built to ease pressure on the capital. Indeed, Aylesbury, to a greater extent than many English market towns, saw substantial areas of its own heart demolished in the 1950s/1960s as 16th–18th century houses (many in good repair) were demolished to make way for new, particularly retail, development.

Aylesbury's population in the ten-year period since 2001 has grown by two thousand primarily related to the development of new housing estates which will eventually cater for eight thousand people on the north side, between the A41 (Akeman Street) and the A413 and the expansion of Fairford Leys estate.

According to the 2011 Census, the religious groupings in Aylesbury were: Christianity (55.7%), No religion (26.9%), Islam (8.3%), Hinduism (1.4%), Other (0.4%). 6.7% of respondents did not state their religion.[2]

Geography
  Aylesbury parish
  Aylesbury built-up-area
  Aylesbury Vale
  Buckinghamshire

Neighbourhoods

Housing estates in or neighbourhoods of the modern Aylesbury include:

Farms and hamlets

Aylesbury has also been extended to completely surround the hamlets and former farms at:

Future developments

If plans are approved to increase expected new housing capacity add as expected twenty thousand people, suburban Aylesbury could become largely or wholly contiguous with the neighbouring villages of Bierton, Hartwell, Stoke Mandeville, Stone, Sedrup and Weston Turville.

Distinct whole areas that have a notably high property price in the town are Bedgrove, the conservation area around St. Mary's Church and Queens Park, particularly facing onto the canal.[14] Anticipated developments are expected to raise the urban population of Aylesbury from its current approximation of 75,000 to 100,000 between 2018 and 2023. London is centred 36.5 miles (58.7 km) southeast, over the Chilterns.[15]

Elevations, soil and geology

Aylesbury is immediately southeast of the upper River Thame that flows past Thame to Dorchester on Thames and is partly sited on the two northernmost outcrops of Portland (lime)stone in England[n 5][16] bisected by a small stream, Bear Brook which gives a relatively prominent position in relation to the terrain of all near, lower, fields and suburbs, which have largely slowly permeable Oxford Clay and Kimmeridge Clay soils[n 6]. Elevations range from 72.5m above mean sea level to 95m AOD in contiguous parts of the town, however nearest villages range from 85m-90m to the north or from 85m to 115m on a narrow ridge to the southwest at Stone and towards the Chilterns to the southeast (Weston Turville, Stoke Mandeville and North Lee).[17]

The town centre's higher terrain is accurately described by Samuel Lewis in 1848 as a "gentle eminence".[8]

Main article: Buckinghamshire § Geology

The county's oldest rocks of Jurassic age cover the whole of the northern half of Buckinghamshire, succeeded continuously by younger rocks to the south of the Chilterns.[16]

Culture and community
Aylesbury Library

The town centre has many pubs and bars and the Queens Park Centre, the UK's largest independent arts centre.[18]

The local newspaper is the Bucks Herald, which started publishing in January 1832. The local radio station is Mix 96, which first broadcast in April 1994. One of the more prominent buildings in Aylesbury is the "Blue Leanie" office block, home to Lloyds Bank. When first built it was thought to be a potential hazard to passing motorists, due to the sun reflecting off its large mirrored surface. As a result, a line of mature trees was planted alongside the main road to prevent dazzling.[19]

Aylesbury Waterside Theatre, a new £42 million theatre,[20] with 1,200 seat auditorium, opened in October 2010.[21][22] In addition to this, the surrounding area is being redeveloped as part of the £100 million Waterside project.[23] When this is completed, originally planned for June 2010, there will be 260,000 sq ft (24,000 m2) of new retail floor space and 1,100 new jobs created, although when this will be completed now is unclear. A Waitrose supermarket opened opposite the theatre in August 2013,[24] along with a Travelodge Hotel.[25] Branches of Wagamama and Nando's restaurants opened on 'The Exchange' in February 2014, next to the Odeon cinema on Exchange Street. A branch of Zizzi is also expected to open in early 2015, as part of a council plan to revitalise the 'Waterside' area.[26] The Zizzi opening turned out to be a rumour and in fact a Gourmet Burger Kitchen (GBK) opened instead.[27]

The Bourg Walk Bridge (also called the Southcourt Bridge or the Roberts Bridge after a local councillor) opened in March 2009 connecting Southcourt to Aylesbury town centre. The focus of the footbridge is a central concrete pillar with four suspension cables supporting the structure. This bridge forms a central part of the Aylesbury Hub project. Bourg Walk was nominated and won the Engineering Excellence Award 2009 awarded by the Institution of Civil Engineers – South East England branch .[28]

Administration
Arms of Aylesbury Town Council
CrestOn a Wreath Argent and Gules issuant from a Wreath of plaited Straw a Mount thereon an Aylesbury Duck all proper.
BlazonGyronny of six Gules and Sable a Mute Swan rousant proper on a Chief Or a Saxon Crown Gules.
SupportersOn the dexter side a Buck proper gorged with a Chain Or pendent therefrom a Hexagon Argent charged with a Garb Gules banded Or and on the sinister side a Stag also proper gorged with a Chain pendent therefrom a like Hexagon charged with a Crescent Sable.
MottoSemper Prorsum
BadgeAn Oval gyronny of six Gules and Sable charged with a Saxon Crown Or issuant therefrom a Mount thereon an Aylesbury Duck proper the whole environed by a Garland of Beech Leaves Vert.
Granted to borough council on 5 April 1964. Transferred to successor parish council on 3 April 2002.[29]

Aylesbury Town Council is the parish council for the town. In 2012 it comprises 25 councillors, 15 of whom are Liberal Democrats, 7 Conservative, 2 UKIP and 1 Labour. The council represents only the constituents of Aylesbury town itself. Surrounding villages and some recent developments on the outskirts of Aylesbury like Fairford Leys & Watermead have their own parish council. In 2010 the district council decided that the new developments of Berryfields and Weedon Hill, both to the north of Aylesbury, should also join to form a new parish as of May 2011.[30]

The Town Council also elects the Town Mayor from the serving Town Councillors every year. The process culminates in a formal "Mayor Making" ceremony where the new Mayor takes over from the preceding Mayor. The role of mayor is mainly a ceremonial role representing the town at various events and acting as an ambassador for the town.

Education

Aylesbury is home to one college of general further education (Aylesbury College[31] on Oxford Road), three grammar schools, two community upper schools, an academy, a university technical college and a host of primary schools. The secondary schools are:

There are also the following special schools:

The Aylesbury Vale Secondary Support Centre[32] is a Pupil referral unit (PRU), which caters for permanently excluded pupils.

Aylesbury Music Centre is a large educational establishment, which has its own premises adjoining Aylesbury High School and rivals the Royal College of Music, having produced members of national orchestras.

Health

Stoke Mandeville Hospital is a large National Health Service hospital to the south of the town centre. Its National Spinal Injuries Centre is one of the largest specialist spinal units in the world, and the pioneering rehabilitation work carried out there by Sir Ludwig Guttmann led to the development of the Paralympic Games. Stoke Mandeville Stadium was developed alongside the hospital and is the National Centre for Disability Sport in the United Kingdom.[33]

Royal Buckinghamshire Hospital is a private hospital specialising in spinal cord injury.[34]

Aylesbury has for mental health therapy and treatments the Tindal Centre on Bierton Road. The Tindal Centre closed in early 2014 and Mental Health therapy and treatments along with Adult and Older Adult Mental Health Team's moved across the road to the new purpose built hospital the Whiteleaf Centre. The former site of Tindal Centre has been transformed into a new housing development Bierton Place which has maintained the architecture of the original building and enhanced its beauty

Trade and industry
Bucks County Hall taken from the Grand Union Canal

Traditionally the town was a commercial centre with a market dating back to the Saxon period. This is because it was established on the main Akeman Street which became an established trade route linking London to the southwest. In 1180 a gaol was established in the town[n 7] .

15th century

By 1477 flour was being ground in the town for surrounding parishes. By the modern period this had grown into a huge established industry: the last mill in Aylesbury was closed in the 1990s (Hills & Partridge on the canal behind Tesco). By 1560 the manufacture of needles had become a large industry in Long Crendon a village close by which was an important production centre.

17th century – lace making

In 1672 poor children in Buckinghamshire were taught to make lace as a way to make a living. Bucks lace as it became known quickly became very sought after and production boomed as the lace was mainly made by poor women and children. The lace-making industry had died out by Victorian times, however, as new machine-made lace became preferable.

In 1764 Euclid Neale opened his clockmaking workshop in Aylesbury. In the 18th century, he was one of the best clock makers in the country.

19th century – canals

In 1814, the Aylesbury arm of the Grand Union Canal from Marsworth was opened bringing major industry to the town for the first time. At the same time the Wendover arm was built leading to nearby Wendover.

20th century – motor manufacture
Twenty Cubitt 16/20s in c.1922 publicity image at the Cubitt Car Factory, Great Southern Works, Bicester Road, Aylesbury.

From 1919 until 1925 the Cubit Engineering Works on Bicester Road was a volume manufacturer of motor vehicles. Approximately 3,000 cars were built, but a somewhat slow and heavy design could not survive the onslaught from cheap American competition. The works have been demolished for a domestic housing development. The marque is commemorated by Cubitt Street (and Edge Street) which traverses the old works.

By the late 20th century, the printers and bookbinders, Hazell, Watson and Viney and the Nestlé dairy were the two main employers in the town, employing more than half the total population. These factories have long since been demolished and replaced by a Tesco supermarket which opened in 1994, and a housing development, respectively.

21st century

Today, the town is still a major commercial centre and the market still meets on the cobbles of the old Market Square four days a week. Nestle and Hazell, Watson and Viney and US automotive parts producer TRW have gone – the last left the town in 2006. However three major industrial and commercial centres make sure the town has one of the lowest unemployment rates in the country.

A £150 million Arla Foods 'megadairy' opened just off the A41 in nearby Aston Clinton in November 2013, roughly 3 1⁄2 mi (6 km) from the town centre and is a major employer in the area.[35] Traffic improvement measures were paid for by Arla in order to reduce the impact of congestion and pollution.[36]

Sport and leisure

Aylesbury has two local semi-professional football teams, Aylesbury Vale Dynamos F.C. which plays at Haywood Way and Aylesbury United F.C. which currently shares a ground with Chesham United. There is a strong cricket club in the town, that was formed in 1837 with success in the 1950s and 1980s and is again emerging as one of the strong clubs in mid- to north Buckinghamshire. Since 2013, Aylesbury has been host to a free 5 km run called the Aylesbury Parkrun. Aylesbury is represented in Rugby Union by Aylesbury Rugby Football Club, situated at Ostler's Field in the nearby village of Weston Turville. It is widely considered Aylesbury's most successful sports team; 'The Ducks' play in the 7th tier of English Rugby.[37]

Transport
Rail

The town is served by Aylesbury railway station and Aylesbury Vale Parkway railway station; the latter is terminus of passenger services of the London to Aylesbury Line from London Marylebone. Stoke Mandeville also lies in the town's urban area.

Railways came to Aylesbury early, in 1839 when the Aylesbury Railway opened from Cheddington on Robert Stephenson's London and Birmingham Railway. The Wycombe Railway (later Great Western Railway) arrived via Princes Risborough on 1 October 1863, and on 23 September 1868 the Aylesbury and Buckingham Railway (later Metropolitan Railway) was opened from Verney Junction to almost connect a loop with the Wycombe Railway. The Metropolitan Railway (MetR) from Baker Street arrived via Amersham in 1892.[38] The Great Central Railway (GCR) connected from Nottingham Victoria to London Marylebone via the MetR in 1899. Between 1899 and 1953, Aylesbury had railway links to four London termini: Marylebone, Baker Street, Paddington and Euston. The Aylesbury Railway closed in 1953, the MetR, which later became the Metropolitan line of the London Underground withdrew north of Aylesbury in 1936[39] and withdrew from the town in 1961.[40] The GCR was dismantled north of Aylesbury in 1966. As a result, there were no regular passenger services north of Aylesbury until the opening of Aylesbury Vale Parkway railway station in December 2008. Now only the GCR south of Aylesbury Vale Parkway to Marylebone is used for regular London services.

A rail scheme to extend passenger services northwestwards to a new station, Aylesbury Vale Parkway, was completed in December 2008.[41] This is sited on the formerly goods-only line towards Quainton at the point where the line crosses the A41 near Berryfields Farm on the north-west outskirts of the town, some 2.25 miles (3.62 km) north of the main Aylesbury station. This area is to be known as Berryfields, a major development area and will include park and ride facilities for Aylesbury.

A further expansion of rail services to a new Winslow railway station, Milton Keynes Central, Bedford and Oxford via the Claydon LNE Junction (see East West Rail) is due to be opened by 2030.[42][43]}

Roads

Aylesbury is served by the A41 from London to Birkenhead, which becomes the M40 however at Bicester 13 miles (21 km) west (by north) of Aylesbury. The A413 and A418 roads also run through the town. The M40 motorway at junction 9 is 14.7 miles (23.7 km) away and the M25 motorway is just over 21 miles (34 km)'s drive.

Buses

In 2006, work commenced on the public transport hub, a scheme comprising a one-way loop of bus lanes around the town's inner ring road, which includes improvements to the connectivity between bus and rail services. The first two phases of this scheme were completed in 2007, providing new bus lanes on Exchange Street, New Street, Friarage Road and White Hill, and also opened up High Street to buses. The final two phases, including the Bourg Walk Bridge and Station Boulevard were officially opened in April 2009.[44]

Aylesbury is well connected to local destinations by bus services. Run by Arriva Shires & Essex, these services run every 20–30 minutes to Milton Keynes (150), Oxford (280), High Wycombe (300), Thame (110/280), Tring (500), Hemel Hempstead (500) and Watford (500). Hourly services also run to Luton (61) and Leighton Buzzard (150/164). Arriva also runs services to RAF Halton via Weston Turville and Wendover (50); Chesham via Wendover, Great Missenden and Amersham (55); Steeple Claydon via Waddesdon and Quainton (with some services to Twyford and Marsh Gibbon) (16); Thame via Cuddington, Long Crendon and Worminghall (110); Buckingham and Maids Moreton via Whitchurch, North Marston, Winslow and Padbury (60).

Aylesbury is served by Buckinghamshire's first 'Rainbow Routes' network of bus services. The colour-coded routes were set up by Buckinghamshire County Council, and bus operators:

Also unofficially but on the Rainbow Routes website:

  • Route 2 – Redline Buses, every 30 minutes to Quarrendon and Meadowcroft (Monday-Saturday);
  • Route 5 – Star Travel, every 15 minutes to Quarrendon and Meadowcroft (daily).

Cycling demonstration town

In 2005, the town won £1million funding to be one of six Cycling Demonstration towns in England, which was match-funded by Buckinghamshire County Council.[45] This allows Buckinghamshire County Council to promote the use of cycling amongst the general public, as well as provide facilities for cyclists, such as bike lockers, bike stands, and Tiger and Toucan road crossings.

Cycle Aylesbury, the team created to undertake the Cycling Demonstration town work, recently opened the first of their Gemstone Cycleways, which are a network of routes running from Aylesbury town centre to various locations around the town, including Stone, Bierton, Wendover and Watermead. A second brochure/magazine was published to accompany the routes, along with a redesigned website, CycleAylesbury.co.uk.

Notable people

Aylesbury is or has been home to a whole range of notable people. In the latter part of the 20th century, the main maternity unit in the district was located in Aylesbury at the Royal Buckinghamshire Hospital; hence a large number of people were born in Aylesbury who may not have had any other association with the town. For a full list see People from Aylesbury. In alphabetic order of surname those who live or have lived in Aylesbury include:

Statue of David Bowie in different guises in Aylesbury, the town where he debuted Ziggy Stardust.[65]

A live music nightclub in Aylesbury was prominent in the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s – renamed the Friars' Club in 1969 – which hosted many of the top artists of the time including Jimi Hendrix, the Rolling Stones, Cream, Otis Redding, the Clash, Hawkwind, Queen, Genesis, U2, David Bowie, Talking Heads, Marillion & the Ramones. Friars' Club celebrated its 40th anniversary in 2009, by holding three special concerts that reflected the various phases of the club's musical history. The first concert in June featured the Edgar Broughton Band, the Groundhogs and the Pretty Things.

The rock band Marillion have a close association with Aylesbury. They originally formed there, with the band's first single, 1982's "Market Square Heroes", taking its title inspiration from Aylesbury's Market Square. The band continue to be based in the area, with their Racket Records studio still close to Aylesbury, and in 2007 the band performed together with their original lead singer, Fish, for the first time in 19 years at Aylesbury.[66]

The Buckinghamshire County Museum contains the Roald Dahl Children's Gallery

Aylesbury Methodist Church holds an annual organ recital, which attracts prominent national organists. The Roald Dahl Children's Gallery in Church Street, Aylesbury, is a children's museum in honour of novelist Roald Dahl that opened on 23 November 1996.[67] Aylesbury hosts the Roald Dahl Festival, a procession of giant puppets based on his characters, on 2 July.

Comedian and actor Ronnie Barker (1929–2005) began his acting career in the town in the late 1940s and in September 2010, almost five years after his death, a bronze statue of him was unveiled by actor David Jason and Barker's one time co-star Ronnie Corbett (the other half of the Two Ronnies) on a new public place in Exchange Street.[68]

Shown in productions

Scenes from the film A Clockwork Orange were filmed in Friars Square in Aylesbury but did not make it to the final cut. This is the 'Librarian Scene' where outtakes from the shoot and rehearsal can be seen in Alison Castle's The Stanley Kubrick Archives published by Taschen. The opening scene when the droogs beat up an elderly Irishman is mistakenly cited as being filmed in the underpass linking Friars Square Shopping Centre with the railway station. Although Christiane Kubrick's book Stanley Kubrick – A Life in Pictures states this the underpass in the film has a different shape to the one in Aylesbury and these sequences were actually filmed in Wandsworth.[69]

The County Court building and Aylesbury Market Square regularly feature in the BBC Television series Judge John Deed.

Twin town

Aylesbury is twinned with the French town of Bourg-en-Bresse, which is in the east of the country, 267 mi (430 km) from Paris.[70]

Places of interest with established encyclopaedia entries

Closest cities, towns and villages
  • Church of St Mary, Aylesbury – Grade I architecture[72]
  • The Old Grammar School, now museum and other buildings, Church Street, Aylesbury
  • Church Street – detail
  • Bucks 'New' County offices
  • Blue Leanie, office block of Lloyds Bank.
  • 15th century King's Head Inn
  • Beer garden of King's Head Inn
  • Hobgoblin Inn
  • Aylesbury railway station
  • Part of Aylesbury Vale taken from the top of Coombe Hill, looking towards Aylesbury – the town's shape is visible.

See also

Notes and references
Notes
  1. Castle Street in the centre of the town has twelve numbers listed, including nos 37–39 Historic England. "Details from listed building database (1117961)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 11 December 2012.
  2. Previously the county town of Buckinghamshire was Buckingham
  3. With subsidiary titles in the Peerage of England: Viscount Bruce, of Ampthill in the County of Bedford, and Baron Bruce, of Skelton in the County of York.
  4. Govier was born at Oakley and was the etching demonstrator at the Royal College of Art.
  5. "This stone has above: freely draining lime-rich loamy soils" which forms 3.7% of English soil according to the Soilscape source
  6. Specifically described in the source national map as "Slowly permeable seasonally wet slightly acid but base-rich loamy and clayey soils" (therefore of medium fertility) which forms 20% of English soil
  7. has a Prison though it has moved locations two or three times
References
  1. UK Census (2011). "Local Area Report – Aylesbury Parish (1170212172)". Nomis. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 18 February 2018.
  2. UK Census (2011). "Local Area Report – Aylesbury Built-up area (1119884987)". Nomis. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 18 February 2018.
  3. UK Census (2011). "Local Area Report – Aylesbury Vale Local Authority (1946157291)". Nomis. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 18 February 2018.
  4. Porter, Darwin; Prince, Danforth (1997). Frommer's England from $60 a Day. Wiley. p. 234. ISBN 9780028616513.
  5. "Aylesbury". Visit South East England. Retrieved 18 February 2018.
  6. "History of the Movement". Paralympics. The IPC. Retrieved 18 February 2018.
  7. Guest, Edwin (1971). Origines Celticae (a Fragment) and Other Contributions to the History of Britain, Volume 1 (Reprint ed.). Ardent Media. p. 170. ISBN 9780804612234. Retrieved 30 June 2019.
  8. Samuel Lewis (1848). "Aylesbury". A Topographical Dictionary of England. Institute of Historical Research. Retrieved 11 December 2012.
  9. "The Plague in Amersham". 15 January 2013.
  10. http://www.civicheraldry.co.uk/thames_valley_chilterns.html#aylesbury%20tc Civic Heraldry of England and Wales: Aylesbury. CREST: On a Wreath Argent and Gules issuant from a Wreath of plaited Straw a Mount thereon an Aylesbury Duck all proper.
  11. Richard Waller. "Richard Waller – The Last Remaining Breeder of Aylesbury Ducks". Retrieved 19 April 2014.
  12. The Museum (former School) Grade II* listing Historic England. "Details from listed building database (1117970)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 11 December 2012.
  13. A Vision of Britain Aylesbury population change. Retrieved 2 February 2013
  14. "Map search for property for sale - Mouseprice".
  15. "UK Grid Reference Finder".
  16. "Natural England — Geodiversity". Archived from the original on 7 January 2014.
  17. "Soilscapes soil types viewer - National Soil Resources Institute. Cranfield University".
  18. "All hail Aylesbury's Queen's Park Arts Centre!". The Bucks Herald. 22 April 2017.
  19. "Geograph:: The "Blue Leanie" (C) sijon".
  20. Aylesbury's £42 Million New Theatre Opens http://www.thestage.co.uk/news/newsstory.php/29923/aylesburys-42m-waterside-
  21. "None". Archived from the original on 13 October 2010.
  22. Waterside Theatre Opens (BBC) http://news.bbc.co.uk/local/threecounties/hi/people_and_places/newsid_9083000/9083183.stm
  23. Aylesbury's Economic Growth "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 15 July 2011. Retrieved 13 October 2010.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  24. Limited, Waitrose. "Waitrose Aylesbury-Branch Finder-Waitrose.com".
  25. "Aylesbury Hotel - Hotels in Aylesbury - Travelodge".
  26. "UPDATE: Nando's and Wagamama confirm Aylesbury opening dates".
  27. "UPDATE: GBK confirmed for Aylesbury".
  28. "Aylesbury Footbridge achieves top honour at Thames Valley Engineering Excellence Awards".
  29. "AYLESBURY TOWN COUNCIL (BUCKINGHAMSHIRE)". Robert Young. Retrieved 31 October 2019.
  30. "Aylesbury Vale District Council recommendations for Weedon parish". Archived from the original on 7 August 2011.
  31. "Aylesbury College - Buckinghamshire Integrated Learning Campus".
  32. "AVSSC – International Educational Resources for Parents Abroad".
  33. "Stoke Mandeville Stadium".
  34. (http://whysurreal.com), Surreal. "The Buckinghamshire Hospital - Official Website".
  35. "Dairy Delivers". Bucks Herald. 26 November 2013. Retrieved 19 April 2014.
  36. "Council responds to traffic fears". Bucks Herald. 6 August 2013. Retrieved 19 April 2014.
  37. Aylesbury Parkrun
  38. "Metropolitan Railway". 20th Century London. Retrieved 5 April 2008.
  39. "Quainton Road to Verney Junction". Underground History. Archived from the original on 3 April 2008. Retrieved 5 April 2008.
  40. "Metropolitan Line". Davros. Archived from the original on 16 April 2008. Retrieved 5 April 2008.
  41. "Bucks County Council Thirty Year Transport Vision". Bucks County Council. Archived from the original on 30 September 2007. Retrieved 5 April 2008.
  42. "Chancellor accepts East West Rail targets and strengthens plans with extra cash". www.railtechnologymagazine.com.
  43. Transport Secretary officially launches East West Railway Company at Bletchley Park East West Rail, 22 November 2017
  44. "This page does not exist | Buckinghamshire County Council". www.buckscc.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 25 September 2006.
  45. "Aylesbury". Cycling England. Archived from the original on 13 February 2008. Retrieved 5 April 2008.
  46. "Michael Apted Personal Biog". Film Reference. Retrieved 29 March 2012.
  47. "John Hamilton Mortimer and the discovery of Captain Cook". National Library of Australia. Archived from the original on 27 July 2008. Retrieved 4 August 2008.
  48. "Lynda Bellingham Official Biography". Lynda Bellingham. Archived from the original on 20 June 2008. Retrieved 4 August 2008.
  49. Aylesbury. Brewer's Britain and Ireland. Retrieved 13 September 2012  – via Credo Reference (subscription required)
  50. Elley, Derek; Peter Cowie (1978). International Music Guide 1978. Michigan: Barnes. ISBN 0-498-02424-5.
  51. Gray, Chris (28 November 2002). "How a triple agent called 'the Cat' got the cream of Britain's spy network". The Independent. London. Retrieved 4 August 2008.
  52. Adams George Archibald (1881). "Sir Alexander Croke". Collections of the Nova Scotia Historical Society for the Years 1879-80. Royal Nova Scotia Historical Society. 2: 110–128. Retrieved 8 January 2020.
  53. Sullivan, Caroline (18 May 2005). "Martin Grech". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 4 August 2008.
  54. John Junkin at IMDb
  55. "Profile: Samantha Lewthwaite". BBC News. 26 September 2013.
  56. "From Shaw Taylor to John Otway". Aylesbury Today. The Bucks Herald. 25 July 2007. Archived from the original on 24 July 2008. Retrieved 4 August 2008.
  57. "Pearson, Charles William". Dictionary of African Christian Biography. Retrieved 4 August 2008.
  58. "Aylesbury football star Phillips snubs Three Lions for Tartan Army". The Bucks Herald. 25 February 2012. Archived from the original on 30 July 2012. Retrieved 27 February 2012.
  59. "Sir James Clark Ross". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on 7 August 2008. Retrieved 4 August 2008.
  60. Brownjohn, Alan (19 November 2007). "Obituary: Vernon Scannell". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 4 August 2008.
  61. Kretzmann, Norman; Anthony Kenny; Jan Pinborg; Eleonore Stump (1988). The Cambridge History of Later Medieval Philosophy. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. p. 892. ISBN 978-0-521-36933-6.
  62. "Dave Clark Five singer Smith dies". BBC. 29 February 2008. Retrieved 4 August 2008.
  63. "Mark Webber | My Story".
  64. "John Wilkes 'A Friend to Liberty' 1727–1797". Aylesbury Town Council. Archived from the original on 17 July 2011. Retrieved 8 March 2009.
  65. "David Bowie Statue Unveiled in English Town Where Ziggy Stardust Debuted". Billboard. Retrieved 16 March 2019.
  66. "Singer Fish and Marillion reunite". BBC News. 28 August 2007.
  67. Sharron L. McElmeel (1999)100 most popular children's authors: biographical sketches and bibliographies Libraries Unlimited, 1999
  68. "Ronnie Barker statue unveiled". BBC News. 30 September 2010.
  69. Malcolm McDowell: Camera 2 in the summer of 2002
  70. "Aylesbury Twinning Association". Aylesbury Twinning Association. Aylesbury Town Council. Archived from the original on 14 September 2017. Retrieved 3 July 2016.
  71. "Waterside Theatre in Aylesbury Opens". BBC News. 10 October 2010. Retrieved 19 April 2014.
  72. St Mary's Church - Grade I listing Historic England. "Details from listed building database (1160522)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 11 December 2012.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.