BBCH-scale (canola)

In biology, the BBCH-scale for canola describes the phenological development of canola plants using the BBCH-scale.

The phenological growth stages and BBCH-identification keys of canola are:

Growth stageCodeDescription
0: Germination 00Dry seed
01Beginning of seed imbibition
03Seed imbibition complete
05Radicle emerged from seed
07Hypocotyl with cotyledons emerged from seed
08Hypocotyl with cotyledons growing towards soil surface
09Emergence: cotyledons emerge through soil surface
1: Leaf development1
10Cotyledons completely unfolded
11First leaf unfolded
122 leaves unfolded
133 leaves unfolded
1 .Stages continuous till ...
199 or more leaves unfolded
2: Formation of side shoots 20No side shoots
21Beginning of side shoot development: first side shoot detectable
222 side shoots detectable
233 side shoots detectable
2 .Stages continuous till ...
29End of side shoot development: 9 or more side shoots detectable
3: Stem elongation2 30Beginning of stem elongation: no internodes (“rosette”)
311 visibly extended internode
322 visibly extended internodes
333 visibly extended internodes
3 .Stages continuous till ...
399 or more visibly extended internodes
5: Inflorescence emergence 50Flower buds present, still enclosed by leaves
51Flower buds visible from above (“green bud”)
52Flower buds free, level with the youngest leaves
53Flower buds raised above the youngest leaves
55Individual flower buds (main inflorescence) visible but still closed
57Individual flower buds (secondary inflorescences) visible but still closed
59First petals visible, flower buds still closed (“yellow bud”)
6: Flowering 60First flowers open
6110% of flowers on main raceme open, main raceme elongating
6220% of flowers on main raceme open
6330% of flowers on main raceme open
6440% of flowers on main raceme open
65Full flowering: 50% flowers on main raceme open, older petals falling
67Flowering declining: majority of petals fallen
69End of flowering
7: Development of fruit 7110% of pods have reached final size
7220% of pods have reached final size
7330% of pods have reached final size
7440% of pods have reached final size
7550% of pods have reached final size
7660% of pods have reached final size
7770% of pods have reached final size
7880% of pods have reached final size
79Nearly all pods have reached final size
8: Ripening 80Beginning of ripening: seed green, filling pod cavity
8110% of pods ripe, seeds dark and hard
8220% of pods ripe, seeds dark and hard
8330% of pods ripe, seeds dark and hard
8440% of pods ripe, seeds dark and hard
8550% of pods ripe, seeds dark and hard
8660% of pods ripe, seeds dark and hard
8770% of pods ripe, seeds dark and hard
8880% of pods ripe, seeds dark and hard
89Fully ripe: nearly all pods ripe, seeds dark and hard
9: Senescence 97Plant dead and dry
99Harvested product

1 Stem elongation may occur earlier than stage 19; in this case continue with stage 20
2 Visibly extended internode n develops between leaf n and leaf n+1

References

  • Weber, E.; H. Bleiholder (1990). "Erläuterungen zu den BBCH-Dezimal-Codes für die Entwicklungsstadien von Mais, Raps, Faba-Bohne, Sonnenblume und Erbse - mit Abbildungen". Gesunde Pflanzen. 42: 308–321.
  • Lancashire, P.D.; H. Bleiholder; P. Langeluddecke; R. Stauss; T. van den Boom; E. Weber; A. Witzen-Berger (1991). "A uniform decimal code for growth stages of crops and weeds". Ann. Appl. Biol. 119 (3): 561–601. doi:10.1111/j.1744-7348.1991.tb04895.x.
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