BBCH-scale (cotton)

In biology, the BBCH-scale for cotton describes the phenological development of cotton plants Gossypium hirsutum using the BBCH-scale.

The phenological growth stages and BBCH-identification keys of cotton are:

Growth stageCodeDescription
0: Germination 00Dry seed
01Beginning of seed imbibition
03Seed imbibition complete
05Radicle emerged from seed
06Elongation of radicle
07Hypocotyl with cotyledons breaking through seed coat
08Hypocotyl with cotyledons growing towards soil surface
09Emergence: hypocotyl with cotyledons breaking through soil surface ("crook stage")
1: Leaf development (Main shoot) 10Cotyledons completely unfolded1
11First true leaf unfolded1
122nd true leaf unfolded1
133rd true leaf unfolded1
1 .Stages continuous till ...
199 or more true leaves unfolded;1 no side shoots visible2
2: Formation of side shoots3 21First vegetative side shoot (2nd order) visible
222 vegetative side shoots (2nd order) visible
233 vegetative side shoots (2nd order) visible
2 .Stages continuous till ...
299 or more vegetative side shoots (2nd order) visible
3: Main stem elongation (Crop cover) 31Beginning of crop cover: 10% of plants meet between rows
3220% of plants meet between rows
3330% of plants meet between rows
3440% of plants meet between rows
3550% of plants meet between rows
3660% of plants meet between rows
3770% of plants meet between rows
3880% of plants meet between rows
39Canopy closure: 90% of the plants meet between rows
5: Inflorescence emergence (Main shoot) 51First floral buds detectable ("pin-head square")4
52First floral buds visible ("match-head square")4
55Floral buds distinctly enlarged
59Petals visible: floral buds still closed
6: Flowering 60First flowers opened (sporadically within the population)
61Beginning of flowering ("Early bloom"): 5–6 blooms / 25 ft of row (= 5–6 blooms / 7.5 meter of row)
65Full flowering: ("Mid bloom"): 11 and more blooms / 25 ft of row = 11 and more blooms / 7.5 meter of row
67Flowering finishing: majority of flowers faded ("Late bloom")
69End of flowering
7: Development of fruits and seeds 71About 10% of bolls have attained their final size
72About 20% of bolls have attained their final size
73About 30% of bolls have attained their final size
74About 40% of bolls have attained their final size
75About 50% of bolls have attained their final size
76About 60% of bolls have attained their final size
77About 70% of bolls have attained their final size
78About 80% of bolls have attained their final size
79About 90% of bolls have attained their final size
8: Ripening of fruits and seeds 80First open bolls on the first fruiting branches
81Beginning of boll opening: about 10% of bolls open. Nodes Above White Flower (NAWF)
82About 20% of bolls open
83About 30% of bolls open. Nodes Above Cracked Boll (NACB)
84About 40% of bolls open
85About 50% of bolls open
86About 60% of bolls open
87About 70% of bolls open
88About 80% of bolls open
89About 90% of bolls open
9: Senescence 91About 10% of leaves discoloured or fallen
92About 20% of leaves discoloured or fallen
93About 30% of leaves discoloured or fallen
94About 40% of leaves discoloured or fallen
95About 50% of leaves discoloured or fallen
96About 60% of leaves discoloured or fallen
97Above ground parts of plant dead; plant dormant
99Harvested product (bolls and seeds)

1 Leaves are counted from the cotyledon node (= node 0)
2 Side shoot development may occur earlier, if there is a vegetative side shoot continue with principal growth stage 2. If there is a reproductive side shoot (fruiting branch) continue with the principal growth stage 5
3 Vegetative side shoots are counted from the cotyledon node
4 "pin-head square" or "match-head square" is the first square which forms at the first fruiting position of the first fruiting branch

References

  • Munger, L.; H. Bleiholder; H. Hack; M. Hess; R. Stauss; T. van den Boom; E. Weber (1998). "Phenological Growth Stages of the Peanut plant (Arachis hypogaea L.) Codification and Description according to the BBCH Scale – with figures". Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science. 180 (2): 101–107. doi:10.1111/j.1439-037X.1998.tb00377.x.
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