BBCH-scale (faba bean)

In biology, the BBCH-scale for faba beans describes the phenological development of faba beans using the BBCH-scale.

The phenological growth stages and BBCH-identification keys of faba beans are:

Growth stageCodeDescription
0: Germination 00Dry seed
01Beginning of seed imbibition
03Seed imbibition complete
05Radicle emerged from seed
07Shoot emerged from seed (plumule apparent)
08Shoot growing towards soil surface
09Emergence: shoot emerges through soil surface
1: Leaf development1 10Pair of scale leaves visible (may be eaten or lost)
11First leaf unfolded
122 leaves unfolded
133 leaves unfolded
1 .Stages continuous till ...
199 or more leaves unfolded
2: Formation of side shoots 20No side shoots
21Beginning of side shoot development: first side shoot detectable
222 side shoots detectable
233 side shoots detectable
2 .Stages continuous till ...
29End of side shoot development: 9 or more side shoots detectable
3: Stem elongation 30Beginning of stem elongation
31One visibly extended internode2
322 visibly extended internodes
333 visibly extended internodes
3 .Stages continuous till ...
399 or more visibly extended internodes
5: Inflorescence emergence 50Flower buds present, still enclosed by leaves
51First flower buds visible outside leaves
55First individual flower buds visible outside leaves but still closed
59First petals visible, many individual flower buds, still closed
6: Flowering 60First flowers open
61Flowers open on first raceme
63Flowers open 3 racemes per plant
65Full flowering: flowers open on 5 racemes per plant
67Flowering declining
69End of flowering
7: Development of fruit 70First pods have reached final length (“flat pod”)
7110% of pods have reached final length
7220% of pods have reached final length
7330% of pods have reached final length
7440% of pods have reached final length
7550% of pods have reached final length
7660% of pods have reached final length
7770% of pods have reached final length
7880% of pods have reached final length
79Nearly all pods have reached final length
8: Ripening 80Beginning of ripening: seed green, filling pod cavity
8110% of pods ripe, seeds dry and hard
8220% of pods ripe, seeds dry and hard
8330% of pods ripe and dark, seeds dry and hard
8440% of pods ripe and dark, seeds dry and hard
8550% of pods ripe and dark, seeds dry and hard
8660% of pods ripe and dark, seeds dry and hard
8770% of pods ripe and dark, seeds dry and hard
8880% of pods ripe and dark, seeds dry and hard
89Fully ripe: nearly all pods dark, seeds dry and hard
9: Senescence 93Stems begin to darken
9550% of stems brown or black
97Plant dead and dry
99Harvested product

1 Stem elongation may occur earlier than stage 19; in this case continue with the principal stage 3
2 First internode extends from the scale leaf node to the first true leaf node

References

  • Lancashire, P.D.; H. Bleiholder; P. Langeluddecke; R. Stauss; T. van den Boom; E. Weber; A. Witzen-Berger (1991). "A uniform decimal code for growth stages of crops and weeds". Ann. Appl. Biol. 119 (3): 561–601. doi:10.1111/j.1744-7348.1991.tb04895.x.
  • Weber, E.; H. Bleiholder (1990). "Erläuterungen zu den BBCH-Dezimal-Codes für die Entwicklungsstadien von Mais, Raps, Faba-Bohne, Sonnenblume und Erbse - mit Abbildungen". Gesunde Pflanzen. 42: 308–321.
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