BBCH-scale (rice)

The BBCH-scale (rice) identifies the phenological development stages of rice Oryza sativa. It is a plant species specific version of the BBCH-scale.

Growth stageCodeDescription
0: Germination 00Dry seed (caryopsis)
01Beginning of seed imbibition
03Seed imbibition complete (pigeon breast)
05Radicle emerged from caryopsis
06Radicle elongated, root hairs and/or side roots visible
07Coleoptile emerged from caryopsis (in water-rice this stage occurs before stage 05)
09Imperfect leaf emerges (still rolled) at the tip of the coleoptile
1: Leaf development1, 2 10Imperfect leaf unrolled, tip of first true leaf visible
11First leaf unfolded
122 leaves unfolded
133 leaves unfolded
1 .Stages continuous till ...
199 or more leaves unfolded
2: Tillering3 21Beginning of tillering: first tiller detectable
222 tillers detectable
233 tillers detectable
2 .Stages continuous till ...
29Maximum number of tillers detectable
3: Stem elongation3 30Panicle initiation or green ring stage: chlorophyll accumulates in the stem tissue, forming a green ring
32Panicle formation: panicle 1–2 mm in length
34Internode elongation or jointing stage: internodes begin to elongate, panicle more than 2 mm long (variety-dependent)
37Flag leaf just visible, still rolled, panicle moving upwards
39Flag leaf stage: flag leaf unfolded, collar regions (auricle and ligule) of flag leaf and penultimate leaf aligned (pre-boot stage)
4: Booting 41Early boot stage: upper part of stem slightly thickened, sheath of flag leaf about 5 cm out of penultimate leaf sheath
43Mid boot stage: sheath of flag leaf 5–10 cm out of the penultimate leaf sheath
45Late boot stage: flag leaf sheath swollen, sheath of flag leaf more than 10 cm out of penultimate leaf sheath
47Flag leaf sheath opening
49Flag leaf sheath open
5: Inflorescence emergence, heading4 51Beginning of panicle emergence: tip of inflorescence emerged from sheath
5220% of panicle emerged
5330% of panicle emerged
5440% of panicle emerged
55Middle of panicle emergence: neck node still in sheath
5660% of panicle emerged
5770% of panicle emerged
5880% of panicle emerged
59End of panicle emergence: neck node level with the flag leaf auricle, anthers not yet visible
6: Flowering, anthesis 61Beginning of flowering: anthers visible at top of panicle
65Full flowering: anthers visible on most spikelets
69End of flowering: all spikelets have completed flowering but some dehydrated anthers may remain
7: Development of fruit 71Watery ripe: first grains have reached half their final size
73Early milk
75Medium milk: grain content milky
77Late milk
8: Ripening 83Early dough
85Soft dough: grain content soft but dry, fingernail impression not held, grains and glumes still green
87Hard dough: grain content solid, fingernail impression held
89Fully ripe: grain hard, difficult to divide with thumbnail
9: Senescence 92Over-ripe: grain very hard, cannot be dented by thumbnail
97Plant dead and collapsing
99Harvested product

1 A leaf is unfolded when its ligule is visible or the tip of the next leaf is visible
2 Tillering or stem elongation may occur earlier than stage 13; in this case continue with stages 21 or 30
3 If stem elongation begins before the end of tillering continue with stage 30
4 Flowering usually starts before stage 55; continue with principal stage 6

References

  • Lancashire, P.D.; H. Bleiholder; P. Langeluddecke; R. Stauss; T. van den Boom; E. Weber; A. Witzen-Berger (1991). "A uniform decimal code for growth stages of crops and weeds". Ann. Appl. Biol. 119 (3): 561–601. doi:10.1111/j.1744-7348.1991.tb04895.x.
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