BBCH-scale (stone fruit)

The BBCH-scale (stone) identifies the phenological development stages of stone fruit (cherry = Prunus cerasus, plum = Prunus domestica ssp. domestica, peach = Prunus persica, apricot = Prunus armeniaca). It is a plant species specific version of the BBCH-scale.

Phenological growth stages and BBCH-identification keys of stone fruit
Code Description
Principal growth stage 0: Sprouting/Bud development
00Dormancy: leaf buds and the thicker inflorescence buds closed and covered by dark brown scales
01Beginning of bud swelling (leaf buds); light brown scales visible, scales with light coloured edges
03End of leaf bud swelling: scales separated, light green bud sections visible
09Green leaf tips visible: brown scales fallen, buds enclosed by light green scales
Principal growth stage 1: Leaf development
10First leaves separating: green scales slightly open, leaves emerging
11First leaves unfolded, axis of developing shoot visible
19First leaves fully expanded
Principal growth stage 3: Shoot development1
31Beginning of shoot growth: axes of developing shoots visible
32Shoots about 20% of final length
33Shoots about 30% of final length
3 .Stages continuous till ...
39Shoots about 90% of final length
Principal growth stage 5: Inflorescence emergence
51Inflorescence buds swelling: buds closed, light brown scales visible
53Bud burst: scales separated, light green bud sections visible
54Inflorescence enclosed by light green scales, if such scales are formed (not all cultivars)
55Single flower buds visible (still closed) borne on short stalks, green scales slightly open
56Flower pedicel elongating; sepals closed; single flowers separating
57Sepals open: petal tips visible; single flowers with white or pink petals (still closed)
59Most flowers with petals forming a hollow ball
Principal growth stage 6: Flowering
60First flowers open
61Beginning of flowering: about 10% of flowers open
62About 20% of flowers open
63About 30% of flowers open
64About 40% of flowers open
65Full flowering: at least 50% of flowers open, first petals falling
67Flowers fading: majority of petals fallen
69End of flowering: all petals fallen
Principal growth stage 7: Development of fruit
71Ovary growing; fruit fall after flowering
72Green ovary surrounded by dying sepal crown, sepals beginning to fall
73Second fruit fall
75Fruit about half final size
76Fruit about 60% of final size
77Fruit about 70% of final size
78Fruit about 80% of final size
79Fruit about 90% of final size
Principal growth stage 8: Maturity of fruit and seed
81Beginning of fruit colouring
85Colouring advanced
87Fruit ripe for picking
89Fruit ripe for consumption: fruit have typical taste and firmness
Principal growth stage 9: Senescence, beginning of dormancy
91Shoot growth completed; foliage still fully green
92Leaves begin to discolour
93Beginning of leaf fall
9550% of leaves discoloured or fallen
97All leaves fallen
99Harvested product

1 From terminal bud

References

    • Meier, U.; H. Graf; M. Hess; W. Kennel; R. Klose; D. Mappes; D. Seipp; R. Stauss; J. Streif; T. van den Boom (1994). "Phänologische Entwick-lungsstadien des Kernobstes (Malus domestica Borkh. und Pyrus communis L.), des Steinobstes (Prunus-Arten), der Johannisbeere (Ribes-Arten) und der Erdbeere (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.)". Nachrichtenbl. Deut. Pflanzenschutzd. 46: 141–153.
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