Bahar (magazine)

Bahar (Persian: بهار; DMG: Bahār; English: "Spring") was a Persian-language magazine founded in Tehran in 1910 by Mirza Yusof Khan Ashtiani, also called E'tesam-e Daftar and E'tesam-al-Molk (1291-1356 / 1874-75-1937-38), a Persian poet and journalist.[1] It was published monthly in two volumes (1910-1911 and 1921-1922) in 17 or 16 editions.

Bahār

Editor	Mirza Reza Khan Modabber-al-Mamalek and ʿAbbas Khalili
Categories	Literature, politics
Frequency	Monthly
Publisher	Eʿtesam-al-Molk
Year founded	1910
Final issue Number	1922
Country	Iran
Based in	Tehran
Language	Persian
Website	Bahār

At the beginning the publisher aimed to provide a forum for literary, scholarly, historical and political exchanges, as well as for the spread of information.[2] The published articles were primarily written or translated by E'tesam-al-Molk himself.[3] Editor-in-chief of the first volume was Mirza Reza Khan Modabber-al-Mamalek, the later editor of Tamaddon (1920). Abbas Khalili, who also published Eqdam, (1921) acted as editor-in-chief of the second volume.[4] Under Khalili the publication of literary topics and especially translations of European literature increased. Well-known examples include works of Victor Hugo and Rousseau as well as Lermontov's "Demon".[5] Discussions of contemporary Persian literature and literary criticism became increasingly popular among readers.