Baliospermum montanum

Baliospermum montanum
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
(unranked):	Eudicots
(unranked):	Rosids
Order:	Malpighiales
Family:	Euphorbiaceae
Subfamily:	Crotonoideae
Tribe:	Codiaeae
Genus:	Baliospermum
Species:	B. montanum
Binomial name
	Baliospermum montanum;
Synonyms
	Jatropha montana, Baliospermum axillare, Baliospermum solanifolium

Baliospermum montanum (Sanskrit : हस्तिदंती Hastidanti), commonly known as red physic nut, wild castor, wild croton and wild sultan seed, is a plant in the family Euphorbiaceae. Baliospermum montanum is a stout undershrub with numerous flowers.

Distribution

Baliospermum montanum is distributed throughout the sub-Himalayan tracts from Khasi Hills to Kashmir. It is common in Bihar, West Bengal, and Peninsular and Central India.

Description

Baliospermum montanum is a stout under-shrub 0.9-1.8m in height with herbaceous branches from the roots. Leaves are simple, sinuate-toothed, upper ones small, lower ones large and sometimes palmately 3-5 lobed. Flowers are numerous, arranged in axillary racemes with male flowers above and a few females below. Fruits are capsules, 8- 13mm long and obovoid. Seeds are ellipsoid smooth and mottled.[1]

Pharmacognosy and phytochemistry

Root in the medicinal part which is used in constipation, abdominal pain, general anasarca, piles, calculus, helminthic infections, scabies, dermic affections, suppurative ulcers and diseases caused by the morbidity of kapha and pitta. Root paste is applied to painful piles and swellings. Leaves are used in treatment of asthma and seeds are used in snakebite.[2][3]

Antilukaemic and cytotoxic activities have been demonstrated in the esters of both 12-deoxyphorbol and 12-deoxy-16-hydroxyphorbol, isolated from B. montanum.[4]

Alcoholic extract of plant showed hypotensive activity in experimental animals. The stem is anti-dontalgic. The roots have the following properties: purgative, tonic, anodyne, digestive, acrid, thermogenic, anthelmintic, diuretic, febrifuge, diaphoretic, rubefacient and antiinflammatory. Seed is rubefacient, stimulant, purgative, and antidote for snakebite and its oil is antirheumatic. Leaf is antiasthmatic and wound healing. Root and seed oil is cathartic and antidropsical.[5]

The drug constitutes an important series of preparations like Dantyarishta, Kaisoraguggulu gulika, Dantiharitakileham, and others.[6]

Several compounds have been isolated from this plant such as steroids, triterpenoids, diterpenes (baliospermin, montanin, phorbol-12-deoxy-13-O-palmitate, phorbol-12-deoxy-16-hydroxy-13-O-palmitate and phorbol-12-deoxy-5b-hydroxy-13-myristate) glycosides, saponins, alkaloids, flavanoids and phenolic compounds[7][8]

References

Warrier, P. K., Nambiar, V. P. K. and Ramankutty, C. 1993-1995. Indian Medicinal Plants. Vol. 1-5. Orient Longman Ltd., Madras.
Kurup, P. N. V., Ramdas, V. N. K. and Joshi, P.1979. Handbook of Medicinal Plants, New Delhi.
Sharma, P. V. 1983. Dravyaguna Vijnana, Varanasi (in Hindi)
Kinghorn, A. D. 1979. “Carcinogenic irritant Euphorbiaceae” in Toxic Plants. Ed. A. D. Kinghorn,Columbia University Press, New York. Pp.137-60.
Bhakuni, D. S. Dhar, M. L., Dhar, M. M., Dhawan, B. N., Gupta, H and Srimal, R. C.1971. Screening of Indian plants for biological activity. Part III. Indian J. exp. Biol., 2:91.
Sivarajan, V. V. and Balachandran, I. 1994. Ayurvedic Drugs and their Plant Sources. Oxford and IBH Publishing Co. Pvt . Ltd., New Delhi. p.570.
M Johnson, EG Wesely, MI Zahir Hussain, N Selvan. In vivo and in vitro phytochemical and antibacterial efficacy of Baliospermum montanum (Willd.) Muell. Arg. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine, Volume 3, Issue 11, (2010), Pages 894-897
Ogura M., Kolke, K., Cordell, G. I. and Farnsworth, N. R. 1978. Potential anticancer agents. VIII. Constituents of Baliospermum montanum (Euphorbiaceae). Planta med., 33:128.

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[1] Warrier, P. K., Nambiar, V. P. K. and Ramankutty, C. 1993-1995. Indian Medicinal Plants. Vol. 1-5. Orient Longman Ltd., Madras.

[2] Kurup, P. N. V., Ramdas, V. N. K. and Joshi, P.1979. Handbook of Medicinal Plants, New Delhi.

[3] Sharma, P. V. 1983. Dravyaguna Vijnana, Varanasi (in Hindi)

[4] Kinghorn, A. D. 1979. “Carcinogenic irritant Euphorbiaceae” in Toxic Plants. Ed. A. D. Kinghorn,Columbia University Press, New York. Pp.137-60.

[5] Bhakuni, D. S. Dhar, M. L., Dhar, M. M., Dhawan, B. N., Gupta, H and Srimal, R. C.1971. Screening of Indian plants for biological activity. Part III. Indian J. exp. Biol., 2:91.

[6] Sivarajan, V. V. and Balachandran, I. 1994. Ayurvedic Drugs and their Plant Sources. Oxford and IBH Publishing Co. Pvt . Ltd., New Delhi. p.570.

[7] M Johnson, EG Wesely, MI Zahir Hussain, N Selvan. In vivo and in vitro phytochemical and antibacterial efficacy of Baliospermum montanum (Willd.) Muell. Arg. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine, Volume 3, Issue 11, (2010), Pages 894-897

[8] Ogura M., Kolke, K., Cordell, G. I. and Farnsworth, N. R. 1978. Potential anticancer agents. VIII. Constituents of Baliospermum montanum (Euphorbiaceae). Planta med., 33:128.