Bikasha collaris

Bikasha collaris is a species of flea beetle in the family Chrysomelidae.[1] It is found in China, Taiwan, and Japan.

Bikasha collaris
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Coleoptera
Family: Chrysomelidae
Genus: Bikasha
Species:
B. collaris
Binomial name
Bikasha collaris
Baly, 1877

It has been considered as a biological control for Chinese Tallow (Triadica sebifera) by the USDA due to its specialist feeding.[2][3][4][5][6]

Description

B. collaris adults have a yellowish-red head and a black notum. The eggs are light yellow and glassy. The larvae emerges as light yellow and darkens as they grow. The pupae are initially white, but as they age, the hind legs and eyes become darker.

Natural history

B. collaris adults feed on the leaves of T. sebifera. Each adult produces about 25.5 ± 1.5 feeding holes per day. The larvae feed mainly on young roots and stems, making tunnels. Mature larvae leave the roots and move to the soil to pupate. It takes the larvae an average of 17.9 ± 0.3 days to reach the pupal stage, which average 8.6 ± 0.2 days.

Mating is frequently observed after a preoviposition period of 6.3 ± 0.3 days. The embryonic development takes on average 8.7 ± 0.1 days.

References
  1. "TaiBNET". taibnet.sinica.edu.tw. Retrieved 2018-07-24.
  2. http://www.washingtontimes.com, The Washington Times. "'Super invader' tree hits South, but flea beetle may be hero". The Washington Times. Retrieved 2018-07-24.
  3. Huang, Wei; Wheeler, Gregory S.; Purcell, Matthew F.; Ding, Jianqing (2011-03-01). "The host range and impact of Bikasha collaris (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), a promising candidate agent for biological control of Chinese tallow, Triadica sebifera (Euphorbiaceae) in the United States". Biological Control. 56 (3): 230–238. doi:10.1016/j.biocontrol.2010.11.014. ISSN 1049-9644.
  4. Wheeler, Gregory S.; Duncan, James G.; Wright, Susan (2017-05-01). "Predicting spillover risk to non-target plants pre-release: Bikasha collaris a potential biological control agent of Chinese tallowtree (Triadica sebifera)". Biological Control. 108: 16–21. doi:10.1016/j.biocontrol.2017.02.003. ISSN 1049-9644.
  5. Wheeler, Gregory S.; Steininger, M. Sedonia; Wright, Susan (2017-04-28). "Quarantine host range of Bikasha collaris , a potential biological control agent of Chinese tallowtree (Triadica sebifera ) in North America". Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata. 163 (2): 184–196. doi:10.1111/eea.12573. ISSN 0013-8703.
  6. Zou, Jianwen; Siemann, Evan; Rogers, William E.; DeWalt, Saara J. (October 2008). "Decreased resistance and increased tolerance to native herbivores of the invasive plantSapium sebiferum". Ecography. 31 (5): 663–671. doi:10.1111/j.0906-7590.2008.05540.x. ISSN 0906-7590.


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