Blackhead Persian

The Blackhead Persian (also known as Swartkoppersie) is a fat-tailed breed of domestic sheep from Africa. The sheep is originally from Somalia (the Somali inhabited areas of the Horn of Africa) and a direct descendant of the Somali sheep.[1] The breed is also a type of hair sheep, meaning they do not grow wool and tolerate heat better than wooled breeds and are raised primarily for meat. The Blackhead Persian has a white body and, as their name would suggest, an entirely black head.[2]

A Blackhead Persian in Pretoria, South Africa

Characteristics

The Blackhead Persian is a polled breed with both sexes lacking horns. It has a black head, with long pendulous ears, and a black neck and a white body, with a clear line demarcating the two colours. The rump and the base of the tail have an accumulation of fat.[1] The breed was specifically bred for the large quantity of fat stored in the tail region which gave resilience in arid conditions and which was prized for cooking.[3]

On average at maturity, rams weigh 68 kg (150 lb) and ewes 52 kg (115 lb). At birth, rams and ewes weigh about 2.6 kg (5.7 lb). Ewes lactate for approximately 84 days, produce 50 kg (110 lb) of milk with 5.9% fat.[4]

History

Despite its name, the Blackhead Persian originated in Somalia and was imported into South Africa in about 1870. A South African studbook was set up in 1906. By 1930 there were 4000 registered animals. In the 1950s there were estimated to be two million Persian Blackheads in South Africa, and they had also been introduced to Kenya, Tanzania, Ethiopia and Ghana. Since then it has been imported into the Caribbean region, Central and South America for cross-breeding purposes.[3]

Crossbreed development

It was crossbred with local breeds in South Africa and also was "improved" by crossing it with such breeds as the Dorset Horn creating the successful breed now called Dorper. And the Ghana black-headed nangue is a cross with a Djallonké sheep and a black-headed Persian.[5]


See also

References
  1. "Blackhead Persian". Breeds of Livestock. Oklahoma State University, Dept. of Animal Science. Retrieved 2009-05-18.
  2. Kruger, L. "Indigenous Sheep Breeds of South Africa". Agricultural Research Council of South Africa. Archived from the original on 2011-07-16. Retrieved 2009-09-14.
  3. R. T. Wilson (1991). Small Ruminant Production and the Small Ruminant Genetic Resource in Tropical Africa. Food & Agriculture Org. pp. 192–196. ISBN 978-92-5-102998-5.
  4. "Blackhead Persian/South Africa". Breed data sheet. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System. Retrieved 2009-05-18.
  5. Bernard Faye et Hamadi Karembe, « Guide de l'élevage du mouton méditerranéen et tropical » [PDF], sur doc-developpement-durable.org
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