Cándido Camero

Cándido Camero Guerra (22 April 1921 – 7 November 2020), known simply as Cándido, was a Cuban conga and bongo player. He is considered a pioneer of Afro-Cuban jazz and an innovator in conga drumming.[1] He was responsible for the development of tuneable conga sets, as well as the combination of congas and bongos, and other instruments such as the foot-operated cowbell.[1]

Cándido Camero
Camero in 2008
Background information
Birth nameCándido Camero Guerra
Born(1921-04-22)22 April 1921
Havana, Cuba
Died7 November 2020(2020-11-07) (aged 99)
New York City, US
GenresAfro-Cuban jazz, disco, descarga, son cubano
Occupation(s)Musician, bandleader
InstrumentsConga, bongo, tres, bass
LabelsABC-Paramount, Blue Note, Roulette, Polydor, Salsoul, Chesky

After moving to New York in 1946, Camero played with Dizzy Gillespie, Billy Taylor and Stan Kenton, and from 1956 he recorded several albums as a leader.[2] His biggest success came in 1979 with his disco recordings for Salsoul. He continued to perform until the late 2010s, recording several albums for the audiophile label Chesky Records, including Inolvidable, with Graciela, which earned him a nomination at the 47th Annual Grammy Awards.

Early life and family

Cándido Camero Guerra was born in San Antonio de los Baños, near Havana, to Caridad Guerra and Cándido Camero.[1][2][3] His interest in music began at the age of 4, when his maternal uncle Andrés, a professional bongosero for the Septeto Segundo Nacional, taught him to play bongos on condensed milk cans.[1][4] At a very young age, he moved with his family to Cerro, a neighborhood in Havana.[3] Camero's father taught him how to play the tres, a type of Cuban guitar.[3] While focusing on the tres, he also learned to play bass and percussion, mostly bongo and conga. In 1935, at the age of 14, Camero began to play tres professionally for various son ensembles such as Gloria Habanera, Sonora Piñón and Conjunto Segundo de Arsenio Rodríguez (Arsenio's backup band).[3] The increasing popularity of the conga drums—promoted primarily by Arsenio's conjunto—and the fact that Camero could not read sheet music, led him to switch to the conga, which became his primary instrument,[1][5] although he would also record with other percussion instruments, especially the bongo.

Early career

Early in his career, Camero played as conguero and bongosero for the Cuba radio station (for 6 years) and for the Tropicana Club (also for 6 years).[1][6] As a tresero, he was also a member of Chano Pozo's Conjunto Azul, where he met Mongo Santamaría, who then played bongos.[1] He moved to New York City in 1946, after first arriving in the city on a tour.[1][6][5] He first performed in New York in the musical revue Tidbits at the Plymouth Theatre on Broadway in 1946 backing up the Cuban dance team of Carmen and Rolando.[1]

Influence

At the Tidbits show, Camero pioneered the playing of two conga drums; traditionally, in rumba and conga music, drummers play a single conga.[1] He later expanded the number of congas to three or more and combined congas with other instruments such as the bongo.[1] He also created a foot-operated cowbell.[1] These innovations were later developed by other musicians and manufacturers such as Carlos "Patato" Valdés and Latin Percussion, giving rise to the standard sets of tuneable congas that are commonly used nowadays.[7]

Later career

In 1948, he made his first US recording with Machito and His Afro-Cubans on the tune "El Rey del Mambo", but he did not become a member of the band, since they already had Carlos Vidal Bolado on congas. When Chano Pozo was murdered in 1948 (he arrived in New York shortly after Cándido), Dizzy Gillespie contacted Camero and they began a fruitful collaboration that culminated in the 1954 recording of Afro.[1][8] Camero was also a member of the Billy Taylor Trio, with whom he recorded in 1953–54, and in 1954 he performed and recorded with Stan Kenton.[9][10] As one of the best known congueros in the US, Camero performed on variety shows such as The Jackie Gleason Show and The Ed Sullivan Show.[4]

Camero recorded several albums as a leader for ABC-Paramount in the late 1950s and early 1960s. In the early 1970s, he recorded for the independent jazz label Blue Note Records, before joining the dance music record company Salsoul. With the latter, Camero recorded two albums which were relatively successul and remain in rotation by DJs in the US.[1][11] In the 2000s, Camero was a member of the Conga Kings alongside Patato and Giovanni Hidalgo. They recorded two albums for Chesky. He recorded another album for Chesky in 2004, Inolvidable, with Graciela, the long-time lead singer for Machito. This album earned a Grammy Award nomination.[12] In 2014, Camero recorded his last album, The Master, also for Chesky. He continued to perform in jazz clubs in New York until the late 2010s.[1]

Death

Camero died on 7 November 2020, at his home in New York. He was 99.[13][6]

Honors

Camero's album Inolvidable was nominated for Grammy Award for Best Tropical Latin Album in 2004.[12] He received the National Endowment for the Arts Jazz Masters Award in 2008.[14][15] He received a Latin Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award the following year.[16]

A documentary about Camero titled Candido: Hands of Fire was released in 2006.[4]

Discography

Source: AllMusic,[17] unless otherwise stated.

As leader
  • Candido featuring Al Cohn (ABC-Paramount, 1956)
  • Calypso Dance Party (ABC-Paramount, 1957)
  • The Volcanic (ABC-Paramount, 1957)
  • In Indigo (ABC-Paramount, 1958)
  • Latin Fire (The Big Beat of Candido) (ABC-Paramount, 1959)
  • Conga Soul (Roulette, 1962)
  • Candido's Comparsa (ABC-Paramount, 1963)[18]
  • Brujerías de Candido / Candido's Latin McGuffa's Dust (Tico Records, 1966)
  • Thousand Finger Man (Solid State, 1969, reissued by Blue Note)
  • Beautiful (Blue Note, 1970)
  • Drum Fever (Polydor, 1973)
  • Dancin' and Prancin' (Salsoul, 1979)
  • Candy's Funk (Salsoul, 1979)
  • The Conga Kings (Chesky, 2000) – with Giovanni Hidalgo and Carlos "Patato" Valdés
  • Jazz Descargas (Chesky, 2001) – with Giovanni Hidalgo and Carlos "Patato" Valdés
  • Inolvidable (Chesky, 2004)[12] – with Graciela
  • Hands of Fire/Manos de fuego (Live) (Latin Jazz USA, 2008)
  • The Master (Chesky, 2014)

As sideman

With Gene Ammons

With Art Blakey

With Ray Bryant

With Kenny Burrell

With Duke Ellington

With Don Elliott

  • Jamaica Jazz (ABC-Paramount, 1958)[19]

With Erroll Garner

  • Mambo Moves Garner (Mercury, 1954)[19]

With Bennie Green

With Grant Green

With Dizzy Gillespie

With Coleman Hawkins

With Bobby Hutcherson

With Illinois Jacquet

With Jazz at the Philharmonic

  • Jazz at the Philharmonic in Europe (Verve, 1963)[21]

With Elvin Jones

With Wynton Kelly

With Stan Kenton

With Benjamin Lapidus

  • Ochosi Blues - Latin, Soul, Organ Jazz - Benjamin Lapidus & Kari B3 (2014)[23]

With the Lecuona Cuban Boys

  • Dance Along with the Lecuona Cuban Boys (ABC-Paramount, 1959)[24]

With Machito

With Gary McFarland

With Ellen McIlwaine

With Wes Montgomery

With Tito Puente

  • Cuban Carnival (RCA, 1956)[28]

With Sonny Rollins

With Bobby Sanabria

  • Afro-Cuban Dream: Live & in Clave!!! Bobby Sanabria Big Band (Arabesque, 2000)[29]
  • 50 Years of Mambo - A Tribute to Damaso Perez Prado - The Mambo All Stars Orchestra (Mambo Maniacs, 2003)[30]
  • Kenya Revisited Live!!! Manhattan School of Music Afro-Cuban Jazz Orchestra conducted by Bobby Sanabria (Jazzheads, 2008)[19]

With Billy Taylor

With Tico All-Stars

  • Descargas at the Village Gate (Tico, 1966)[19]

With Randy Weston

References
  1. Sanabria, Bobby (7 November 2020). "Remembering Candido Camero, Percussionist and Afro-Cuban Pioneer, Who Has Died at 99". WBGO. Archived from the original on 8 November 2020. Retrieved 10 November 2020.
  2. León, Luis Leonel (13 November 2016). "El último viaje musical del legendario Cándido". Diario Las Américas (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 15 November 2016. Retrieved 10 November 2020.
  3. Fernandez, Raul A. (23 May 2006). From Afro-Cuban Rhythms to Latin Jazz. University of California Press. p. 125. ISBN 978-0-520-24708-6. Archived from the original on 8 November 2020. Retrieved 8 November 2020.
  4. "Candido Camero". The Kennedy Center. Archived from the original on 12 November 2020. Retrieved 8 November 2020.
  5. Leymarie 2002, p. 198.
  6. Contreras, Felix (7 November 2020). "Cándido Camero, A Father Of Latin Jazz, Dies At 99". NPR. Retrieved 7 November 2020.
  7. Quinn, Mike (1 November 2000). "Carlos "Patato" Valdés". Jazz Times. 30 (6–10): 22. Archived from the original on 12 November 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  8. Njoroge, Njoroge M. (2016). Chocolate Surrealism: Music, Movement, Memory, and History in the Circum-Caribbean. Univ. Press of Mississippi. p. 87. ISBN 978-1-4968-0692-5. Archived from the original on 12 November 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  9. "Candido Biography". Allmusic. Retrieved 4 April 2010.
  10. "Candido at All About Jazz". Archived from the original on 22 April 2009. Retrieved 4 April 2010.
  11. Hawthorn, Carlos (9 November 2020). "Legendary Cuban drummer Cándido Camero dies aged 99". Resident Advisor. Archived from the original on 10 November 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  12. "Candido Camero – Artist". The Recording Academy. Retrieved 7 November 2020.
  13. Genzlinger, Neil (22 November 2020). "Cándido Camero, Conga Master Who Transformed Jazz, Dies at 99". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 22 November 2020.
  14. "NEA Jazz Masters: Candido Camero, Percussionist". Archived from the original on 16 October 2011. Retrieved 17 October 2011.
  15. NEA Jazz Masters: America's Highest Honor in Jazz. Washington, DC: National Endowment for the Arts. 2008. p. 13. OCLC 1049897457.
  16. "Candido Camero, Beth Carvalho, Charly Garcia, Tania Libertad, Marco Antonio Muñiz, and Juan Romero to Receive the 2009 Latin Recording Academy Lifetime Achievement Award". The Latin Recording Academy. 24 September 2009. Archived from the original on 2 July 2020. Retrieved 7 November 2020.
  17. "Candido – Album Discography". AllMusic. Archived from the original on 8 November 2020. Retrieved 7 November 2020.
  18. Barnhart, Stephen L.; Gillespie, John (2000). Percussionists: A Biographical Dictionary. Greenwood Press. p. 57. ISBN 9780313296277. Archived from the original on 8 November 2020. Retrieved 8 November 2020.
  19. "Candido – Credits". AllMusic. Archived from the original on 8 November 2020. Retrieved 7 November 2020.
  20. "The United States Steel Hour series – Ep: Duke Ellington's "A Drum is a Woman"". Library of Congress. Archived from the original on 23 January 2016. Retrieved 8 November 2020.
  21. "Jazz at the Philharmonic in Europe". The Gramophone. C. Mackenzie. 41 (487–492): 46. 1963.
  22. Lord, Tom (1992). The Jazz Discography, Vol. 11. Lord Music Reference. p. J-478. ISBN 978-1-881993-10-0.
  23. Da Gama, Raul (25 August 2014). "Benjamin Lapidus & Kari-B3: Ochosi Blues". Latin Jazz Network. Archived from the original on 21 September 2020. Retrieved 8 November 2020.
  24. Lanning, Jerry (1959). Dance Along with the Lecuona Cuban Boys liner notes. ABC-Paramount. ABC 230.
  25. Leymarie 2002, p. 174.
  26. "Gary McFarland - The In Sound". Hifi/Stereo Review. Ziff-Davis Publishing Company. 16: 101. 1966.
  27. "Ellen McIlwaine - We the People". Audio. Radio Magazine, Incorporated. 57: 63. 1973.
  28. Bruns, Roger (2008). Icons of Latino America: Latino Contributions to American Culture. Greenwood Press. p. 367. ISBN 978-0-313-34088-8.
  29. "Afro-Cuban Dream: Live and in Clave!: Bobby Sanabria – Credits". AllMusic. Archived from the original on 18 November 2016. Retrieved 8 November 2020.
  30. Franckling, Ken (26 November 2002). "Jazz Notes: Goings on in the jazz world". United Press International. Retrieved 8 November 2020.
  31. Gates, Henry Louis (2011). Black in Latin America. New York University Press. p. 9. ISBN 9780814733424. Archived from the original on 12 November 2020. Retrieved 8 November 2020.

Sources
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