Cabinet of the State of East Indonesia
The Cabinet of the State of East Indonesia was the part of the government of the State of East Indonesia (NIT), and comprised ministers appointed by the head of state. During the three-year lifetime of the state, there were seven cabinets.
First Nadjamoedin Daeng Malewa cabinet
At the Denpasar Conference (18-24 December 1946), organised by Acting Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies Hubertus van Mook, the State of East Indonesia was established, Balinese noble Tjokorda Gde Raka Soekawati was elected head of state and Nadjamoeddin Daeng Malewa was appointed as prime minister designate.[1] Following discussions between the two men in Jakarta, the cabinet was announced on 13 January 1947 with the composition as follows:[2]
- Prime Minister/Minister for Economic Affairs: Nadjamoeddin Daeng Malewa
- Minister of the Interior: Ide Anak Agung Gde Agung
- Minister of Justice: Tjia Kok Tjiang
- Minister of the Treasury: M. Hamelink
- Minister of Education: E. Katoppo
- Minister of Information: G.R. Pantouw
- Minister of Health: S.J. Warrouw
- Minister of Public Works & Transportation: E.D. Dengah
- Minister of Social Affairs: J. Tahija
As the provisional legislature had achieved very little in its first session, a number of its members proposed giving the cabinet unlimited powers to pass laws pending their later approval by the legislature. The cabinet would resign to allow the prime minister a free rein to make new appointments and form a cabinet with majority political support. Nadjamoeddin Daeng Malewa held a series of meetings with political supporters and opponents in late May 1947 to decide on the composition of his revised cabinet.[3]
Second Nadjamoedin Daeng Malewa cabinet
The second Nadjamoedin Daeng Malewa cabinet was announced on 31 May 1947. its composition was[4]
- Prime Minister/Minister of the Economy: Nadjamoeddin Daeng Malewa
- Secretary of the Interior/Deputy Prime Minister: Ide Anak Agung Gde Agung
- Minister of Justice: C.R.S. Soumokil
- Minister of Finance/Vice-minister of the Economy: M. Hamelink
- Vice-minister of Finance: R.E.J Matekohy
- Minister of Education: E. Katoppo
- Minister of Transportation & Public Works : A.M Semawi
- Minister of Information: J. Tahija
- Minister of Social Affairs: G.R. Pantouw
- Minister of State (Islamic Affairs): Achmmad Sjehan Bachmid
- Minister of State (Citizenship Affairs): R. Claproth
- Minister of State (Judiciary Affairs): Tjia Kok Tjiang
In December 1947, Prime Minister Nadjamoeddin Daeng Malewa was charged with corruption, ending his term of office and his second cabinet.[5]
Warrouw cabinet
The Warrouw cabinet was formed on 10 October 1947 and sworn in the following day. Its composition was:[6]
- Prime Minister/Minister of Health: S.J. Warrouw
- Secretary of the Interior/Deputy Prime Minister: Ide Anak Agung Gde Agung
- Minister of Justice: C.R.S. Soumokil
- Minister of Finance: M. Hameink
- Vice-minister of Finance: R.E.J Matekohy
- Minister of Transportation & Public Works : A.M Semawi
- Minister of Education: E. Katoppo
- Minister of Information: Sonda Daeng Mattajang
- Minister of Information: R. Claproth
- Minister of the Economy: J. Tahija
- Vice-minister of the Economy: Husain Puang Limboro
- Vice-minister of Finance: M. Hameink
- Minister of Social Affairs: Abdoellah Daeng Mappoedji
- Vice-minister of Social Affairs: Tan Tek Heng
The Warrouw cabinet was accused of being too supportive of the Dutch military offensive launched against the areas controlled by Indonesian republicans in July 1947, and was brought down by the legislative assembly.[5]
First Ide Anak Agung Gde Agung cabinet
The first Ide Anak Agung Gde Agung cabinet was sworn in on 15 December 1947. Its composition was as follows:[7]
- Prime Minister/Minister of the Interior: Ide Anak Agung Gde Agung
- Minister of Justice: C.R.S. Soumokil
- Minister of the Economy: Husain Puang Limboro
- Minister of Finance: M. Hameink
- Minister of Education: E. Katoppo
- Minister of Health: S.J. Warrouw
- Minister of Transportation & Public Works: D.P. Diapari
- Minister of Social Affairs: S.S Palenkahoe
- Vice Minister of the Interior: S. Binol
- Vice Minister of Justice: R. Claproth
- Vice Minister of the Economy: Tan Tek Heng:
- Vice Minister of Finance: R.E.J Metekohy
- Vice Minister of Education: J.E. Tatengkeng
- Vice Minister of Social Affairs: Mohammad Sjafei
- Vice Minister of Information: Izaak Huru Doko
This was the first cabinet to include supporters of the Indonesian Republic, and on 23 December 1947, it toned down the government's support for the July 1947 Dutch military action.[5] At midnight on 19 December 1948, the Dutch launched another military attack against the Republic of Indonesia, and the cabinet of the State of East Indonesia resigned in protest.[8][9]
Second Ide Anak Agung Gde Agung cabinet
The second Ide Anak Agung Gde Agung cabinet was formed and sworn in on 12 January 1949. Its composition was as follows:[10]
- Prime Minister/Minister of the Interior: Ide Anak Agung Gde Agung
- Minister of the Economy: Abdul Rajab Daeng Massiki (from 12 March 1949 - replacing Interim Minister Tan Tek Heng)
- Minister of Finance: Mathijs Hamelink
- Minister of Education: Jan Engelbert Tatengkeng
- Minister of Health: Jan Willem Grootings
- Minister of Public Works & Transportation: Patuan Doli Diapari
- Minister of Information: Izaak Huru Doko
- Minister of State for Budget Planning at the Ministry of Finance: Tan Tek Heng (from 12 March 1949)
Following the transfer of sovereignty from the Netherlands to the United States of Indonesia (RUSI) a result of the Dutch–Indonesian Round Table Conference, Anak Agung was appointed foreign minister in the RUSI cabinet, and submitted his resignation as Prime Minister of East Indonesia.[11][12]
J.E. Tatengkeng cabinet
The J.E. Tatengkeng cabinet was sworn in on 27 December 1949. Its composition was as follows:[13]
- Prime Minister/Minister of Education: Jan Engelbert Tatengkeng
- Minister of the Interior: Sultanate of Ternate Iskander Moh. Syah
- Minister of Finance: Tan Tek Heng
- Minister of the Economy: Abdul Rajab Daeng Massiki
- Minister of Information: Izaak Huru Doko
- Minister of Social Affairs/Interim Minister of Health: S. Binol
- Minister of Public Works: D.P. Diapari
- Minister of Justice: C.R.S. Soumokil
Following elections, the provisional legislature was disbanded on 20 February 1950, and the cabinet also resigned. The following day, the elected representatives took their seats. Justice Minister Chris Soumokil subsequently fled to Ambon and established the Republic of South Maluku[14][15]
D.P. Diapari cabinet
The D.P. Diapari cabinet was sworn in on 14 March 1950. Its composition was as follows:[16]
- Prime Minister/Minister of Public Works & Transportation: D.P. Diapari
- Minister of Finance: Tan Tek Heng
- Minister of Internal Affairs: Abdul Rajab Daeng Massiki
- Minister of Justice: R. Claproth
- Minister of the Economy: Achmad Ponsen Daeng Posanre
- Minister of Education: Izaak Huru Doko
- Minister for Social & Health Affairs: D. Tahitoe
- Minister of Information: Willem Jozias Ratulangi
Since the elected parliament convened, it had been divided between federalists, who supported the government of the NIT and the concept of the federal United States of Indonesia, and the opposition unitarians, who wanted a return to a unitary Indonesian republic.[17] The two main federalist factions repeatedly called for the government to dismantle the State of East Indonesia, and subsequently one of the factions supporting the government called for the cabinet to resign and be replaced by one that was more broadly representative of the legislature.[18] The motion was passed on 25 April, and the cabinet resigned.[19][20]
J. Poetoehena cabinet
The pro-republican J. Poetoehena cabinet was tasked with making preparations for the integration of the State of Indonesia into a unitary Republic of Indonesia. Its composition was as follows:[21][1]
- Prime Minister/Minister of Welfare/Minister of Transportation: J. Poetoehena
- Minister of Internal Affairs: Lanto Daeng Pasewang
- Minister of Justice: I Gusti Ketut Pudja
- Minister of Social Affairs: Andi Boerhanuddin
- Minister of Information: Rondonoewoe
- Minister of Education/Minister of Health: Ingkiriwang
- Minister of Finance: Andoel Razak
- Abdul Rajab Daeng Massiki
On 19 May 1950, following negotiations between the United States of Indonesia (representing the State of East Indonesia and the State of East Sumatra) and the Republic of Indonesia, agreement was reached to create a unitary Indonesian state.[22][23] This state was formed on 15 August 1950, and given that this meant the State of East Indonesia no longer existed, Poetoehena and his cabinet resigned on 16 August.[24]
Notes
- Kahin 1952, p. 364.
- Anak Agung 1995, pp. 143-144.
- Anak Agung 1995, pp. 242-245.
- Anak Agung 1995, pp. 245-248.
- Reid 1974, p. 218.
- Anak Agung 1995, p. 310.
- Anak Agung 1995, p. 355.
- Anak Agung 1995, p. 445.
- Ricklefs 2001, p. 371.
- Anak Agung 1995, p. 481.
- Simanjuntak 2003, pp. 91-93.
- Anak Agung 1995, p. 706.
- Anak Agung 1995, p. 707.
- Anak Agung 1995, pp. 722-724.
- Kahin 1952, p. 458.
- Anak Agung 1995, pp. 727-728.
- Anak Agung 1995, p. 725.
- Anak Agung 1995, pp. 764-7265.
- Anak Agung 1995, p. 771.
- Kahin 1952, p. 467.
- Anak Agung 1995, pp. 773-774.
- Anak Agung 1995, pp. 786-787.
- Kahin 1952, pp. 460-461.
- Anak Agung 1995, p. 7937.
References
- Ide Anak Agung Gde Agung (1996) [1995]. From the Formation of the State of East Indonesia Towards the Establishment of the United States of Indonesia. Translated by Owens, Linda. Yayasan Obor. ISBN 979-461-216-2.
- Kahin, George McTurnan (1952), Nationalism and Revolution in Indonesia, Cornell University Press
- Reid, Anthony J.S (1974), The Indonesian National Revolution, 1945 1950, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia: Longman, ISBN 0-582-71047-2
- Ricklefs, M.C. (2001) [1981]. A History of Modern Indonesia Since c.1300 (3rd ed.). Palgrave. ISBN 978-0-230-54685-1.
- Simanjuntak, P. N. H. (2003). Kabinet-Kabinet Republik Indonesia: Dari Awal Kemerdekaan Sampai Reformasi [Cabinets of the Republic of Indonesia: From the Beginning of Independence to the Reform Era] (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Djambatan. ISBN 979-428-499-8.