Caladenia abbreviata

Caladenia abbreviata, commonly known as the coastal spider orchid,[2] is a plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It has a single erect, hairy leaf and up to three pale, creamy-yellow flowers on a flowering stem up to 35 cm (10 in) high. Although the flowers have long, thread-like petals and sepals, they are shorter and darker than those of other spider orchids. It is a rare, relatively recently discovered species although often found near human activities.

Coastal spider orchid

Priority Three — Poorly Known Taxa (DEC)
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Orchidaceae
Subfamily: Orchidoideae
Tribe: Diurideae
Genus: Caladenia
Species:
C. abbreviata
Binomial name
Caladenia abbreviata
Synonyms[1]
  • Calonemorchis abbreviata (Hopper & A.P.Br.) D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem.
  • Calonema abbreviatum (Hopper & A.P.Br.) D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem.
  • Jonesiopsis abbreviata (Hopper & A.P.Br.) D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem.

Description

Caladenia abbreviata is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, herb with an underground tuber and a single erect, hairy leaf 8–20 cm (3–8 in) long and 4–5 mm (0.16–0.20 in) wide. The inflorescence is a raceme, 20–35 cm (8–10 in) high with up to three flowers, each flower 6–8 cm (2–3 in) long and 5–7 cm (2–3 in) wide. The dorsal sepal is erect and the lateral sepals and petal spread widely, have dark, glandular tips and are less than 4 cm (2 in) long. The labellum is white with prominent red stripes with two rows of white calli along its centre. Flowering occurs between October and early December and is followed by a non-fleshy, dehiscent capsule containing a large number of seeds.[2][3][4]

Taxonomy and naming

Caladenia abbreviata was first formally described by Stephen Hopper and Andrew Brown in 2001 from a specimen collected at Cosy Corner near Torbay. The description was published in Nuytsia.[5] The specific epithet (abbreviata) is a Latin word meaning "shortened",[6] referring to the relatively short petals and lateral sepals of this species.[2]

Distribution and habitat

Coastal spider orchid occurs in scattered locations between Yallingup and William Bay in the Warren biogeographic region[7] where it grows in consolidated sand dunes and in disturbed places such as the edges of tracks and firebreaks.[2][3][8]

Ecology

Caladenia abbreviata attracts its pollinator via sexual deception. It is pollinated by an undescribed species of thynnine wasp from the genus Rhytidothynnus.[9]

Conservation

Caladenia abbreviata is classified as "Priority Three" by the Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife,[7] meaning that it is poorly known and known from only a few locations but is not under imminent threat.[10]

References
  1. "Caladenia abbreviata". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  2. Brown, Andrew; Dixon, Kingsley; French, Christopher; Brockman, Garry (2013). Field guide to the orchids of Western Australia : the definitive guide to the native orchids of Western Australia. Simon Nevill Publications. p. 52. ISBN 9780980348149.
  3. Hoffman, Noel; Brown, Andrew (2011). Orchids of South-West Australia (3rd ed.). Gooseberry Hill: Noel Hoffman. p. 29. ISBN 9780646562322.
  4. "Caladenia". Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria. Retrieved 25 September 2016.
  5. "Caladenia abbreviata". APNI. Retrieved 25 September 2016.
  6. Brown, Roland Wilbur (1956). The Composition of Scientific Words. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press. p. 63.
  7. "Caladenia abbreviata". FloraBase. Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife.
  8. Paczkowska, Grazyna; Chapman, Alex R. (2000). The Western Australian flora : a descriptive catalogue. Perth: Wildflower Society of Western Australia. p. 75. ISBN 0646402439.
  9. Phillips, Ryan D.; Peakall, Rod (2018-05-02). "Breaking the rules: discovery of sexual deception in Caladenia abbreviata (Orchidaceae), a species with brightly coloured flowers and a non-insectiform labellum". Australian Journal of Botany. 66 (2): 95–100. doi:10.1071/BT17151. ISSN 1444-9862.
  10. "Conservation codes for Western Australian Flora and Fauna" (PDF). Government of Western Australia Department of Parks and Wildlife. Retrieved 25 September 2016.
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