Centaurus A/M83 Group

Centaurus A/M83 group
	The Centaurus A galaxy is the largest and most massive galaxy in the group
Observation data (Epoch )
Constellation(s)	Hydra, Centaurus, and Virgo[1]
Right ascension	13h 20m [2]
Declination	−44° 58′[2]
Brightest member	Centaurus A[3]
Number of galaxies	44[3]
Other designations
	NGC 5128 Group,[2] Centaurus A Group,[2] LGG 344[2]

The Centaurus A/M83 Group is a complex group of galaxies in the constellations Hydra, Centaurus, and Virgo. The group may be roughly divided into two subgroups. The Cen A Subgroup, at a distance of 11.9 Mly (3.66 Mpc), is centered on Centaurus A, a nearby radio galaxy.[3] The M83 Subgroup, at a distance of 14.9 Mly (4.56 Mpc), is centered on the Messier 83 (M83), a face-on spiral galaxy.[3]

This group is sometimes identified as one group[4][5] and sometimes identified as two groups.[6] Hence, some references will refer to two objects named the Centaurus A Group and the M83 Group. However, the galaxies around Centaurus A and the galaxies around M83 are physically close to each other, and both subgroups appear not to be moving relative to each other.[3]

The Centaurus A/M83 Group is part of the Virgo Supercluster, the local supercluster of which the Local Group is an outlying member.

Members

Member identification

The galaxies NGC 5011B and NGC 5011C are imaged against a starry foreground.[7]

The brightest group members were frequently identified in early galaxy group identification surveys.[4][5] However, many of the dwarf galaxies in the group were only identified in more intensive studies. One of the first of these identified 145 faint objects on optical images from the UK Schmidt Telescope and followed these up in hydrogen line emission with the Parkes Radio Telescope and in the hydrogen-alpha spectral line with the Siding Spring 2.3 m Telescope. This identified 20 dwarf galaxies as members of the group.[8] The HIPASS survey, which was a blind radio survey for hydrogen spectral line emission, found five uncatalogued galaxies in the group and also identified five previously-catalogued galaxies as members.[9] An additional dwarf galaxy was identified as a group member in the HIDEEP survey, which was a more intensive radio survey for hydrogen emission within a smaller region of the sky.[10] Several optical surveys later identified 20 more candidate objects to the group.[11][12][13] In 2007, the Cen A group membership of NGC 5011C was established. [14] While this galaxy is a well-known stellar system listed with a NGC number, its true identity remained hidden because of coordinate confusion and wrong redshifts in the literature. From 2015 to 2017 a full optical survey was conducted using the Dark Energy Camera, covering 550 square degrees in the sky and doubling the number of known dwarf galaxies in this group.[15][16] Another deep but spatially limited survey around Centaurus A revealed numerous new dwarfs.[17]

Member list

The table below lists galaxies that have been identified as associated with the Centaurus A/M83 Group by I. D. Karachentsev and collaborators.[3][13] Note that Karachentsev divides this group into two subgroups centered on Centaurus A and Messier 83.

**Members of the Centaurus A Subgroup**
Name	Type[2]	R.A. (J2000)[2]	Dec. (J2000)[2]	Redshift (km/s)[2]	Apparent Magnitude[2]
Cen 7	Sph	13^h 11^m 13.8^s	−38° 53′ 56″		17.3
Cen N		13^h 48^m 09.1^s	−47° 33′ 54″		17.5
Centaurus A (NGC 5128)	S0 pec	13^h 25^m 27.6^s	−43° 01′ 09″	547 ± 5	7.8
Centaurus A-dE1	dSph	13^h 12^m 45.2^s	−41° 49′ 57″		19.3
Centaurus A-dE3	dE	13^h 46^m 00.8^s	−36° 19′ 44″		17.1
HIPASS J1337-39	Im	13^h 37^m 25.3^s	−39° 53′ 48″	492 ± 4	16.5
HIPASS J1348-37		13^h 48^m 47.0^s	−37° 58′ 29″	581 ± 8	16.9
HIPASS J1351-47		13^h 51^m 12.0^s	−46° 58′ 12.9″	529 ± 6
KKs 51	E/Sph	12^h 44^m 21.5^s	−42° 56′ 23″		16.7
KKs 55	Sph	13^h 22^m 12.8^s	−42° 43′ 41″		18.5
KKs 57	Sph	13^h 41^m 38.1^s	−42° 34′ 55″		18.1
LEDA 166152	dI	13^h 05^m 02.1^s	−40° 04′ 58″	617 ± 4	16.3
LEDA 166167	dI/dSph	13^h 27^m 27.8^s	−45° 21′ 10″		18
LEDA 166172	dSph	13^h 43^m 36.0^s	−43° 46′ 11″		18.5
LEDA 166175	dSph	13^h 46^m 16.8^s	−45° 41′ 05″		19.2
LEDA 166179	dSph	13^h 48^m 46.4^s	−46° 59′ 46″		18
NGC 4945	SB(s)cd	13^h 05^m 27.5^s	−49° 28′ 06″	563 ± 3	9.3
NGC 5102	SA0	13^h 21^m 57.6^s	−36° 37′ 49″	468 ± 2	10.4
NGC 5206	SB(r)0	13^h 33^m 44.0^s	−48° 09′ 04″	571 ± 10	11.6
NGC 5237	I0	13^h 37^m 39.0^s	−42° 50′ 49″	361 ± 4	13.2
PGC 45104	IABm	13^h 03^m 33.6^s	−46° 35′ 06″
PGC 45717	I0 pec	13^h 10^m 32.9^s	−46° 59′ 27.3″	1853 ± 32	13.3
PGC 45916	dE	13^h 13^m 09.1^s	−44° 53′ 24″	784 ± 31	14.1
PGC 46663	IBm	13^h 21^m 47.4^s	−45° 03′ 42″	741	16.1
PGC 46680	Im	13^h 22^m 02.0^s	−42° 32′ 07″		16.6
PGC 47171	IABm	13^h 27^m 37.4^s	−41° 28′ 50″	516 ± 3	12.9
PGC 48515	dE	13^h 42^m 05.6^s	−45° 12′ 18″		17.6
PGC 48738	IB(s)m	13^h 45^m 00.5^s	−41° 51′ 40″	545 ± 2	14.0
PGC 49615	dS0/Im	13^h 57^m 01.4^s	−35° 19′ 59″	561 ± 32	14.8

**Members of the M83 Subgroup**
Name	Type[2]	R.A. (J2000)[2]	Dec. (J2000)[2]	Redshift (km/s)[2]	Apparent Magnitude[2]
AM 1321-304	dIm	13^h 24^m 36.2^s	−30° 58′ 19″	487 ± 1	16.7
Centaurus A-dE2	dE/Im	13^h 21^m 32.4^s	−31° 53′ 11″		17.6
Centaurus A-dE4	dSph	13^h 46^m 40.4^s	−29° 58′ 41″		19.
HIDEEP J1336-3321		13^h 36^m 56.1^s	−33° 21′ 23″	591	17.3
IC 4247	S	13^h 26^m 44.4^s	−30° 21′ 45″	274 ± 65	14.4
IC 4316	IBm pec	13^h 40^m 18.4^s	−28° 53′ 32″	674 ± 53	15.0
KK 208	dI	13^h 36^m 35.5^s	−29° 34′ 17″	381	14.3
LEDA 166163	dI	13^h 21^m 08.2^s	−31° 31′ 45″	571 ± 3	17.1
LEDA 166164	dSph	13^h 22^m 56.2^s	−33° 34′ 22″		17.6
M83	SAB(s)c	13^h 37^m 00.9^s	−29° 51′ 57″	513 ± 2	8.2
NGC 5253	Im pec	13^h 39^m 55.9^s	−31° 38′ 24″	407 ± 3	10.9
NGC 5264	IB(s)m	13^h 41^m 36.7^s	−29° 54′ 47″	478 ± 3	12.6
PGC 47885		13^h 35^m 08.1^s	−30° 07′ 03″	13848	15.8
PGC 48111	Im	13^h 37^m 20.0^s	−28° 02′ 42″	587 ± 3	15.0
UGCA 365	Im	13^h 36^m 31.1^s	−29° 14′ 06″	573 ± 1	15.4

Additionally, ESO 219-010, PGC 39032, and PGC 51659 are listed as possibly being members of the Centaurus A Subgroup, and ESO 381-018, NGC 5408, and PGC 43048 are listed as possibly being members of the M83 Subgroup.[3] Although HIPASS J1337-39 is only listed as a possible member of the M83 Subgroup in the later list published by Karachentsev,[3] later analyses indicate that this galaxy is within the subgroup.[18] Saviane and Jerjen found that NGC 5011C has an optical redshift of 647 km/s and thus is a member of the Cen A group rather than of the distant Centaurus galaxy cluster as believed since 1983.

References

Kepple, George Robert; Glen W. Sanner (1998). The Night Sky Observer's Guide, Volume 2. Willmann-Bell, Inc. p. 73. ISBN 0-943396-60-3.
"NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database". Results for NGC 5128 Group. Retrieved 2006-11-22.
I. D. Karachentsev (2005). "The Local Group and Other Neighboring Galaxy Groups". Astronomical Journal. 129 (1): 178–188. arXiv:astro-ph/0410065. Bibcode:2005AJ....129..178K. doi:10.1086/426368.
R. B. Tully (1988). Nearby Galaxies Catalog. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-35299-1.
P. Fouque; E. Gourgoulhon; P. Chamaraux; G. Paturel (1992). "Groups of galaxies within 80 Mpc. II - The catalogue of groups and group members". Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement. 93: 211–233. Bibcode:1992A&AS...93..211F.
A. Garcia (1993). "General study of group membership. II - Determination of nearby groups". Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement. 100: 47–90. Bibcode:1993A&AS..100...47G.
"Don't trust your eyes". ESA/Hubble Picture of the Week. Retrieved 13 February 2013.
S. Cote; K. C. Freeman; C. Carigan; P. J. Quinn (1997). "Discovery of Numerous Dwarf Galaxies in the Two Nearest Groups of Galaxies". Astronomical Journal. 114: 1313. arXiv:astro-ph/9704030. Bibcode:1997AJ....114.1313C. doi:10.1086/118565.
G. D. Banks, M. J. Disney, P. M. Knezek, H. Jerjen, D. G. Barnes, R. Bhatal, W. J. G. de Blok, P. J. Boyce, R. D. Ekers, K. C. Freeman, B. K. Gibson, P. A. Henning, V. Kilborn, B. Koribalski, R. C. Kraan-Korteweg, D. F. Malin, R. F. Minchin, J. R. Mould, T. Oosterloo, R. M. Price, M. E. Putman, S. D. Ryder, E. M. Sadler, L. Staveley-Smith, I. Stewart, F. Stootman, R. A. Vaile, R. L. Webster, A. E. Wright (1999). "New Galaxies Discovered in the First Blind H I Survey of the Centaurus A Group". Astrophysical Journal. 524 (2): 612–622. arXiv:astro-ph/9906146. Bibcode:1999ApJ...524..612B. doi:10.1086/307854.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
R. F. Minchin, M. J. Disney, P. J. Boyce, W. J. G. de Blok, Q. A. Parker, G. D. Banks, K. C. Freeman, D. A. Garcia, B. K. Gibson, M. Grossi, R. F. Haynes, P. M. Knezek, R. H. Lang, D. F. Malin, R. M. Price, I. M. Stewart, A. E. Wright (2003). "HIDEEP - an extragalactic blind survey for very low column-density neutral hydrogen". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 346 (3): 787–802. arXiv:astro-ph/0308405. Bibcode:2003MNRAS.346..787M. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2003.07134.x.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
H. Jerjen; K. C. Freeman; B. Binggeli (2000). "Testing the Surface Brightness Fluctuations Method for Dwarf Elliptical Galaxies in the Centaurus A Group". Astronomical Journal. 119 (1): 166–176. arXiv:astro-ph/9912011. Bibcode:2000AJ....119..166J. doi:10.1086/301188.
H. Jerjen; K. C. Freeman; B. Binggeli (2000). "Surface BR Photometry of Newly Discovered Dwarf Elliptical Galaxies in the Nearby Sculptor and Centaurus A Groups". Astronomical Society. 119 (2): 593–608. Bibcode:2000AJ....119..593J. doi:10.1086/301216.
I. D. Karachentsev; M. E. Sharina; A. E. Dolphin; E. K. Grebel; D. Geisler; P. Guhathakurta; P. W. Hodge; V. E. Karachetseva; A. Sarajedini; P. Seitzer (2002). "New distances to galaxies in the Centaurus A group". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 385 (1): 21–31. Bibcode:2002A&A...385...21K. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20020042.
I. Saviane; H. Jerjen (2007). "NGC 5011C: An Overlooked Dwarf Galaxy in the Centaurus A Group". Astronomical Journal. 133 (4): 1756–1762. arXiv:astro-ph/0701280. Bibcode:2007AJ....133.1756S. doi:10.1086/512157.
Müller, Oliver, Helmut Jerjen, and Bruno Binggeli. “New Dwarf Galaxy Candidates in the Centaurus Group.” Astronomy & Astrophysics 583 (November 2015): A79. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201526748.
Müller, Oliver, Helmut Jerjen, and Bruno Binggeli. “New Low Surface Brightness Dwarf Galaxies in the Centaurus Group.” Astronomy & Astrophysics 597 (January 2017): A7. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201628921.
Crnojević, D., D. J. Sand, K. Spekkens, N. Caldwell, P. Guhathakurta, B. McLeod, A. Seth, J. D. Simon, J. Strader, and E. Toloba. “THE EXTENDED HALO OF CENTAURUS A: UNCOVERING SATELLITES, STREAMS, AND SUBSTRUCTURES.” The Astrophysical Journal 823, no. 1 (May 17, 2016): 19. https://doi.org/10.3847/0004-637X/823/1/19.
M. Grossi; M. J. Disney; B. J. Pritzl; P. M. Knezek; J. S. Gallagher; R. F. Minchin; K. C> Freeman (2006). "Star formation history and evolution of gas-rich dwarf galaxies in the Centaurus A group". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 374 (1): 107–130. arXiv:astro-ph/0611106. Bibcode:2007MNRAS.374..107G. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.11125.x.

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[NSOG-1] Kepple, George Robert; Glen W. Sanner (1998). The Night Sky Observer's Guide, Volume 2. Willmann-Bell, Inc. p. 73. ISBN 0-943396-60-3.

[ned-2] "NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database". Results for NGC 5128 Group. Retrieved 2006-11-22.

[karachentsev2005-3] I. D. Karachentsev (2005). "The Local Group and Other Neighboring Galaxy Groups". Astronomical Journal. 129 (1): 178–188. arXiv:astro-ph/0410065. Bibcode:2005AJ....129..178K. doi:10.1086/426368.

[nbg-4] R. B. Tully (1988). Nearby Galaxies Catalog. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-35299-1.

[fouqueetal1992-5] P. Fouque; E. Gourgoulhon; P. Chamaraux; G. Paturel (1992). "Groups of galaxies within 80 Mpc. II - The catalogue of groups and group members". Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement. 93: 211–233. Bibcode:1992A&AS...93..211F.

[garcia1993-6] A. Garcia (1993). "General study of group membership. II - Determination of nearby groups". Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement. 100: 47–90. Bibcode:1993A&AS..100...47G.

[7] "Don't trust your eyes". ESA/Hubble Picture of the Week. Retrieved 13 February 2013.

[coteetal1997-8] S. Cote; K. C. Freeman; C. Carigan; P. J. Quinn (1997). "Discovery of Numerous Dwarf Galaxies in the Two Nearest Groups of Galaxies". Astronomical Journal. 114: 1313. arXiv:astro-ph/9704030. Bibcode:1997AJ....114.1313C. doi:10.1086/118565.

[banksetal1999-9] G. D. Banks, M. J. Disney, P. M. Knezek, H. Jerjen, D. G. Barnes, R. Bhatal, W. J. G. de Blok, P. J. Boyce, R. D. Ekers, K. C. Freeman, B. K. Gibson, P. A. Henning, V. Kilborn, B. Koribalski, R. C. Kraan-Korteweg, D. F. Malin, R. F. Minchin, J. R. Mould, T. Oosterloo, R. M. Price, M. E. Putman, S. D. Ryder, E. M. Sadler, L. Staveley-Smith, I. Stewart, F. Stootman, R. A. Vaile, R. L. Webster, A. E. Wright (1999). "New Galaxies Discovered in the First Blind H I Survey of the Centaurus A Group". Astrophysical Journal. 524 (2): 612–622. arXiv:astro-ph/9906146. Bibcode:1999ApJ...524..612B. doi:10.1086/307854.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[minchinetal2003-10] R. F. Minchin, M. J. Disney, P. J. Boyce, W. J. G. de Blok, Q. A. Parker, G. D. Banks, K. C. Freeman, D. A. Garcia, B. K. Gibson, M. Grossi, R. F. Haynes, P. M. Knezek, R. H. Lang, D. F. Malin, R. M. Price, I. M. Stewart, A. E. Wright (2003). "HIDEEP - an extragalactic blind survey for very low column-density neutral hydrogen". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 346 (3): 787–802. arXiv:astro-ph/0308405. Bibcode:2003MNRAS.346..787M. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2003.07134.x.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[jerjenetal2000a-11] H. Jerjen; K. C. Freeman; B. Binggeli (2000). "Testing the Surface Brightness Fluctuations Method for Dwarf Elliptical Galaxies in the Centaurus A Group". Astronomical Journal. 119 (1): 166–176. arXiv:astro-ph/9912011. Bibcode:2000AJ....119..166J. doi:10.1086/301188.

[jerjen2002b-12] H. Jerjen; K. C. Freeman; B. Binggeli (2000). "Surface BR Photometry of Newly Discovered Dwarf Elliptical Galaxies in the Nearby Sculptor and Centaurus A Groups". Astronomical Society. 119 (2): 593–608. Bibcode:2000AJ....119..593J. doi:10.1086/301216.

[karachentsevetal2002-13] I. D. Karachentsev; M. E. Sharina; A. E. Dolphin; E. K. Grebel; D. Geisler; P. Guhathakurta; P. W. Hodge; V. E. Karachetseva; A. Sarajedini; P. Seitzer (2002). "New distances to galaxies in the Centaurus A group". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 385 (1): 21–31. Bibcode:2002A&A...385...21K. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20020042.

[sj2007-14] I. Saviane; H. Jerjen (2007). "NGC 5011C: An Overlooked Dwarf Galaxy in the Centaurus A Group". Astronomical Journal. 133 (4): 1756–1762. arXiv:astro-ph/0701280. Bibcode:2007AJ....133.1756S. doi:10.1086/512157.

[15] Müller, Oliver, Helmut Jerjen, and Bruno Binggeli. “New Dwarf Galaxy Candidates in the Centaurus Group.” Astronomy & Astrophysics 583 (November 2015): A79. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201526748.

[16] Müller, Oliver, Helmut Jerjen, and Bruno Binggeli. “New Low Surface Brightness Dwarf Galaxies in the Centaurus Group.” Astronomy & Astrophysics 597 (January 2017): A7. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201628921.

[17] Crnojević, D., D. J. Sand, K. Spekkens, N. Caldwell, P. Guhathakurta, B. McLeod, A. Seth, J. D. Simon, J. Strader, and E. Toloba. “THE EXTENDED HALO OF CENTAURUS A: UNCOVERING SATELLITES, STREAMS, AND SUBSTRUCTURES.” The Astrophysical Journal 823, no. 1 (May 17, 2016): 19. https://doi.org/10.3847/0004-637X/823/1/19.

[grossi2007-18] M. Grossi; M. J. Disney; B. J. Pritzl; P. M. Knezek; J. S. Gallagher; R. F. Minchin; K. C> Freeman (2006). "Star formation history and evolution of gas-rich dwarf galaxies in the Centaurus A group". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 374 (1): 107–130. arXiv:astro-ph/0611106. Bibcode:2007MNRAS.374..107G. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.11125.x.