Charaxes xiphares
Charaxes xiphares, the forest king emperor or forest king charaxes, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. It is native to Afromontane forest in the eastern and southern Afrotropical realm.[1]
| Forest king emperor | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Male | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Nymphalidae |
| Genus: | Charaxes |
| Species: | C. xiphares |
| Binomial name | |
| Charaxes xiphares (Stoll, [1781]) | |
| Synonyms | |
| |
The wingspan is 65–80 mm for males and 70–95 mm for females.[2]
The larvae feed on Craibia brevecaudata, Scutia myrtina, Rhamnus prinoides, Cryptocarya woodii, Chaetachme aristata, and Drypetes gerrardii.[1][2]
Subspecies
Listed alphabetically:[1]
- C. x. bavenda van Son, 1935 – South Africa: Soutpansberg in Limpopo province
- C. x. bergeri Plantrou, 1975 – DRC
- C. x. brevicaudatus Schultze, 1914 – southern Tanzania
- C. x. burgessi van Son, 1953 – DRC: Kivu, south-western Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi
- C. x. desmondi van Someren, 1936 – Kenya: south-east to the Taita Hills
- C. x. draconis Jordan, 1936 – Swaziland and South Africa: Mpumalanga province
- C. x. kenwayi Poulton, 1929 – South Africa: north-eastern Limpopo province
- C. x. kiellandi Plantrou, 1976 – northern Tanzania
- C. x. kilimensis van Someren, 1972 – northern Tanzania
- C. x. kulal van Someren, 1962 – Kenya: north to Mount Kulal
- C. x. ludovici Rousseau-Decelle, 1933 – northern Malawi, north-eastern Zambia
- C. x. maudei Joicey & Talbot, 1917 – north-eastern Tanzania
- C. x. nguru Collins, 1988 – eastern Tanzania
- C. x. occidentalis Pringle, 1995 – South Africa: Western Cape province
- C. x. penningtoni van Son, 1953 – South Africa: KwaZulu-Natal province
- C. x. sitebi Plantou, 1981 – north-western Tanzania
- C. x. staudei Henning & Henning, 1992 – South Africa: north-east and north-west slopes of Blouberg in Limpopo province
- C. x. thyestes (Stoll, 1790) – South Africa: Eastern Cape province
- C. x. upembana Plantrou, 1976 – DRC
- C. x. vumbui van Son, 1936 – eastern Zimbabwe
- C. x. walwandi Collins, 1989 – Kenya, Tanzania
- C. x. wernickei Joicey & Talbot, 1926 – Cameroon
- C. x. woodi van Someren, 1964 – southern Malawi
- C. x. xiphares (Stoll, [1781]) – South Africa: Eastern Cape and Western Cape provinces
Taxonomy
Charaxes tiridates group.
the supposed clade members are:
- Charaxes tiridates
- Charaxes numenes - similar to next
- Charaxes bipunctatus - similar to last
- Charaxes violetta
- Charaxes fuscus
- Charaxes mixtus
- Charaxes bubastis
- Charaxes albimaculatus
- Charaxes barnsi
- Charaxes bohemani
- Charaxes schoutedeni
- Charaxes monteiri
- Charaxes smaragdalis
- Charaxes xiphares
- Charaxes cithaeron
- Charaxes nandina
- Charaxes imperialis
- Charaxes ameliae
- Charaxes pythodoris
- ? Charaxes overlaeti
For a full list see Eric Vingerhoedt, 2013.[3]
References
- Savela, Markku. "Charaxes xiphares (Stoll, [1781])". Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms. Retrieved 25 May 2016.
- Woodhall, Steve (2005). Field Guide to Butterflies of South Africa. Cape Town, South Africa: Struik. ISBN 978-1-86872-724-7.
- "African Charaxes/Charaxes Africains Eric Vingerhoedt, 2013". Archived from the original on 2013-06-27.
- Victor Gurney Logan Van Someren, 1964 Revisional notes on African Charaxes (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Part II. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Entomology) 181-235.
- Van Someren, 1969 Revisional notes on African Charaxes (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Part V. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Entomology) 75-166. Additional notes
- Victor Gurney Logan Van Someren, 1972 Revisional notes on African Charaxes (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Part VIII. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Entomology) 215-264. Further notes
- Seitz, A. Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde 13: Die Afrikanischen Tagfalter. Plate XIII 31
External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Charaxes xiphares. |
- Images of C. x. bergeri Royal Museum for Central Africa (Albertine Rift Project)
- Images of C. x. burgessi (Albertine Rift Project)
- Images of C. x. desmondi (Albertine Rift Project)
- Images of C. x. kiellandi (Albertine Rift Project)
- Images of C. x. maudei (Albertine Rift Project)
- Images of C. x. walwandi (Albertine Rift Project)
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