Ciro Menotti

Menotti was born in Migliarina, near Carpi, then part of the Duchy of Modena and Reggio.

A member of the Carboneria since 1817, he was a fervent democratic and patriot. From 1820 he held contacts with French intellectuals, with the goal to free Modena from the Austrian hegemony.

Initially, duke Francis IV declared favorably for Menotti's claim, probably encouraged at the possibility of becoming its king in a future unified Northern Italy. Menotti organized a revolt in Modena for 3 February 1831 but, in a brusque volte-face, Francis denied him his support, and even, from his voluntary exile in Mantua, called the help of Austria and its allies.

Menotti was arrested and, after a summary process, condemned to death by hanging. The sentence was executed in the Citadel of Modena.

Afterwards Menotti become the idealized figure of patriotic martyr of the Italian Risorgimento. In 1880 the former Garibaldine officer Taddeo Grandi wrote a biography of him. A monument in Modena was built to Menotti in 1879, facing the former Grand Duke's palace.

Giuseppe Garibaldi named one of his children "Menotti" after him.

• Treccani: Dizionario di Storia - Ciro Menotti
• Britannica: Ciro Menotti

• A. Solmi, Ciro Menotti e l'idea unitaria nell'insurrezione del 1831: con un'appendice di documenti , Modena, Società tipografica Modenese, 1931.
• Atto Vannucci I martiri della libertà italiana dal 1794 al 1848 - volume terzo e ultimo pag. 8 LIII Ciro Menotti tipografia Bertolotti & C. 1880 sesta edizione Milano
• Roberto Vaccari, La capitale dei sogni. Il romanzo di Ciro Menotti , Modena, Colombini, 2016, ISBN 978-88-6509-154-8
• Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani, Volume 73: Meda–Messadaglia (in Italian). Rome: Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana. 2009.