Cirsium occidentale

Cirsium occidentale, with the common name cobweb thistle or cobwebby thistle, is a North American species of thistle in the sunflower family.[2]

Cirsium occidentale
Flower head of Cirsium occidentale
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Genus: Cirsium
Species:
C. occidentale
Binomial name
Cirsium occidentale
Synonyms[1]

Cirsium coulteri

Distribution

The plant is widespread and fairly common across most of California: in its mountain ranges, valleys, and the Mojave Desert; and in the western Great Basin region in western Nevada, southern Oregon, and southwestern Idaho.[3][4][5]

Unlike many introduced thistles, this native species is not a troublesome weed.

Description
Plant form with blooms (Cirsium occidentale var. candidissimum)
Flower with seed head forming (Cirsium occidentale var. occidentale)

Cirsium occidentale is a biennial forming a taproot. It may be short or quite tall, forming low clumps or towering to heights approaching 3 meters (9.8 ft). The leaves are dull gray-green to bright white due to a coating of hairs, and the most basal ones on large plants may be nearly 0.5 meters (1.6 ft) in length.[4] The petioles are winged and spiny and the leaves are toothed or edged with triangular lobes.[6]

The inflorescence at the top of the whitish stem holds one to several flower heads. Each head is sphere-like, covered in large phyllaries with very long, spreading spines which are laced, often quite heavily, in fibers resembling cobwebs.[6]

The head is packed with disc florets which may be white to blood red to shades of purple. The largest flower heads exceed 8 centimeters (3.1 in) in diameter.[4] The heads do not open in synchrony, perhaps allowing greater likelihood of being pollinated.[6]

Cirsium occidentale var. compactum, blooming in Hearst San Simeon State Park.

Ecology

It is a larval host to the California crescent, mylitta crescent, and the painted lady butterfly.[7]

Varieties

There are several varieties, which differ from each other in range and form:[4]

  • Cirsium occidentale var. californicum — California thistle[8]
  • Cirsium occidentale var. candidissimum — snowy thistle[9][10]
  • Cirsium occidentale var. compactum — compact cobwebby thistle; a short, clumpy California endemic that grows only along the coast of the San Francisco Bay Area and the Central Coast of California[11]
  • Cirsium occidentale var. coulteri — Coulter's thistle[12]
  • Cirsium occidentale var. lucianum — Cuesta Ridge thistle; a California endemic from the Santa Lucia Range[13]
  • Cirsium occidentale var. occidentale — cobwebby thistle[14]
  • Cirsium occidentale var. venustum[15][16]
  • Cirsium occidentale
  • California thistle
  • Cirsium occidentale var. candidissimum

References
  1. The Plant List, Carduus occidentalis Nutt.
  2. Calflora taxon report, University of California, Cirsium occidentale (Nutt.) Jepson, Cobweb Thistle, western thistle
  3. C.Michael Hogan ed. 2010. Cirsium occidentale. Encyclopedia of Life
  4. Jepson Flora Project (ed.). "Cirsium occidentale". Jepson eFlora. The Jepson Herbarium, University of California, Berkeley.
  5. Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map
  6. Flora of North America, Western thistle, Cirsium occidentale (Nuttall) Jepson
  7. The Xerces Society (2016), Gardening for Butterflies: How You Can Attract and Protect Beautiful, Beneficial Insects, Timber Press.
  8. Jepson Flora Project (ed.). "Cirsium occidentale var. californicum". Jepson eFlora. The Jepson Herbarium, University of California, Berkeley.
  9. "Plants Profile for Cirsium occidentale candidissimum (snowy thistle)". plants.usda.gov. Retrieved 2019-02-18.
  10. Jepson Flora Project (ed.). "Cirsium occidentale var. candidissimum". Jepson eFlora. The Jepson Herbarium, University of California, Berkeley.
  11. Jepson Flora Project (ed.). "Cirsium occidentale var. compactum". Jepson eFlora. The Jepson Herbarium, University of California, Berkeley.
  12. Jepson Flora Project (ed.). "Cirsium occidentale var. coulteri". Jepson eFlora. The Jepson Herbarium, University of California, Berkeley.
  13. Jepson Flora Project (ed.). "Cirsium occidentale var. lucianum". Jepson eFlora. The Jepson Herbarium, University of California, Berkeley.
  14. Jepson Flora Project (ed.). "Cirsium occidentale var. occidentale". Jepson eFlora. The Jepson Herbarium, University of California, Berkeley.
  15. "Plants Profile for Cirsium occidentale venustum (cobwebby thistle)". plants.usda.gov. Retrieved 2019-02-18.
  16. Jepson Flora Project (ed.). "Cirsium occidentale var. venustum". Jepson eFlora. The Jepson Herbarium, University of California, Berkeley.
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