Clarkia biloba

Clarkia biloba is a species of flowering plant in the evening primrose family known by the common name twolobe clarkia and two lobed clarkia.[1]

Twolobe clarkia
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Myrtales
Family: Onagraceae
Genus: Clarkia
Species:
C. biloba
Binomial name
Clarkia biloba
(Durand) A.Nels. & J.F.Macbr.

Clarkia biloba is endemic to California, where it is known from the Sierra Nevada foothills; one subspecies can also be found in the San Francisco Bay Area. It grows in chaparral, oak woodlands, and yellow pine forest habitats.[1]

As the putative progenitor species of Clarkia lingulata it is often used in examples of evolution outside the usual model of allopatric speciation.[2] As such this plant is one of the best plant examples when considering "quantum speciation," a concept closely aligned with peripatric speciation, parapatric speciation and sympatric speciation.

Description

Clarkia biloba is an annual herb producing an erect stem approaching 1 metre (3.3 ft) in maximum height. The leaves are linear to lance-shaped and up to 6 centimeters long. Each is borne on a short petiole.

The top of the erect stem is occupied by the inflorescence, which bears hanging buds above open flowers. The pink or red-purple sepals remain fused as the petals spread and emerge from one side of the bud. The petals are up to 2.5 centimeters long and pink to lavender to magenta, sometimes flecked with red. Each petal has a two-lobed tip. There are 8 stamens, some with large lavender anthers and some with smaller, paler anthers. The stigma protrudes past the stamens.

Subspecies

There are three subspecies of this wildflower.

  • Clarkia biloba ssp. australis — Mariposa clarkia; the rarest, known only in the Merced River drainage in the Sierra foothills; threatened by road maintenance and introduced species.[3][4]
  • Clarkia biloba ssp. biloba — two lobed clarkia [5]
  • Clarkia biloba ssp. brandegeeae — Brandegee's clarkia [6]

References
  1. CalFlora Database: Clarkia biloba (two lobed clarkia) . accessed 3.23.2013
  2. Gottlieb, L.D. (2004). "Rethinking classic examples of recent speciation in plants". New Phytologist. 161 (1): 71–82. doi:10.1046/j.1469-8137.2003.00922.x.
  3. CalFlora: Clarkia biloba ssp. australis
  4. CNPS Inventory of rare, threatened, or endangered plants: Clarkia biloba ssp. australis . accessed 3.23.2013
  5. CalFlora: Clarkia biloba ssp. biloba
  6. CalFlora: Clarkia biloba ssp. brandegeeae
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