Curtis Bok

Bok worked on several public service projects before forming a law partnership with Robert Dechert and Owen B. Rhodes in 1930. He served as an assistant district attorney in Philadelphia, 1929–32, and ran unsuccessfully for district attorney in 1935. Appointed an Orphans Court judge the following year, he became president judge of the Court of Common Pleas in 1937.[2]

His most famous opinion was on obscenity in literature — Commonwealth of Pennsylvania v. Gordon et al., Court of Quarter Sessions, Philadelphia, June 1948. In March 1948, the Philadelphia Vice Squad raided 54 booksellers, confiscating works by authors such as Erskine Caldwell, James T. Farrell, William Faulkner, and Calder Willingham. In an elegantly written opinion, Bok found that the books were "obvious efforts to show life as it is," and that Pennsylvania could not censor them:[2]

“It will be asked whether one would care to have one’s young daughter read these books. I suppose that by the time she is old enough to wish to read them she will have learned the biologic facts of life and the words that go with them. There is something seriously wrong at home if those facts have not been met and faced and sorted by then; it is not children so much as parents that should receive our concern about this. I should prefer that my own three daughters meet the facts of life and the literature of the world in my library than behind a neighbor’s barn, for I can face the adversary there directly. If the young ladies are appalled by what they read, they can close the book at the bottom of page one; if they read further, they will learn what is in the world and in its people, and no parents who have been discerning with their children need fear the outcome. Nor can they hold it back, for life is a series of little battles and minor issues, and the burden of choice is on us all, every day, young and old.”[3]

In 1958, he was elected a justice of the Pennsylvania Supreme Court, serving until his death.[2]

Bok served as president of the Philadelphia Orchestra Association, but resigned after the Board forced the resignation of conductor Leopold Stokowski.[4] He was an officer of the Curtis Institute of Music, and founded the Philadelphia Forum, a cultural boosterism group that sponsored lectures, concerts and art exhibits. He was a member of the Committee of Seventy, a Philadelphia watchdog organization that promoted good government.[1]

He directed his father's American Foundation, which promoted world peace. A supporter of presidential candidate Franklin Delano Roosevelt's efforts to normalize relations between the United States and the Soviet Union, Bok made a two-month tour of Russia in 1932, then stayed on for three additional months, working in a factory and as a chauffeur.[1] He wrote an idealistic book about life in the Socialist Republic, which landed him on the July 17, 1933, cover of Time Magazine.[5]

He wrote many legal opinions and made contributions to law journals. His first three novels were courtroom dramas. He was a strong opponent of capital punishment and, in Star Wormwood (1959), used the most heinous crime imaginable to argue that it was still unjustified.[2] Bok was an avid sailor, and twice sailed a 42-foot ketch across the Atlantic Ocean. His final novel was a romance in which a sailor on a voyage reads a love letter each day.

Non-fiction:

• The United States and the Soviet Union (New York: The American Foundation, 1933)
• American Medicine Expert Testimony Out of Court (New York: The American Foundation, 1937)
• Commonwealth v. Gordon et al, the Opinion of Judge Bok, March 18, 1949 (San Francisco: The Grabhorn Press, 1949)
• Freedom of the Press (Philadelphia: 1950)
• Civil Liberties under Attack (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1951).
• Religion in Law (Philadelphia: 1953)

Fiction:

• Backbone of the Herring (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1941)
• I, Too, Nicodemus (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1946)
• Star Wormwood (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1959)
• Maria: A Tale of the Northeast Coast (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1962).

Swarthmore College awarded him an honorary degree in 1960. Jerome J. Shestack, a legal colleague, wrote of Bok: "His deep and abiding sympathy for the human condition was the hallmark both of his courtroom and of his life."[2] His papers are housed at Princeton University and the Historical Society of Pennsylvania. His son, Derek Curtis Bok, became a lawyer, dean of Harvard Law School, and president of Harvard University. Curtis Bok is interred at West Laurel Hill Cemetery in Bala Cynwyd, PA.