Cyathea borbonica

Detail of Cyathea borbonica frond, showing the distinctive two-level (bipinnate) division: The main midrib has many smaller leaflets (pinna) branching off it, all along its length. The midrib of each leaflet then bears many smaller leaflets (pinnules) along its length.

It reaches a height of roughly 2 meters, with a dark, hairy, scaly trunk. Its spreading leaves are dark green fronds. Each frond has a relatively small stem (stipe). Each leaf also divides only twice (bipinnate):

• The central midrib of the frond (rachis) branches into many horizontal leaflets (pinnae).
• Each pinna midrib bears many small leaflets (pinnules).

There are two natural Mauritian varieties, which occur mainly in the upland forest in the higher parts of the island, and are both endangered. There is one natural Reunionese variety:

• C. borbonica var. borbonica (Réunion).
• C. borbonica var. latifolia (Mauritius), which bears an umbrella-shaped crown
• C. borbonica var. sevathiana (Mauritius), which bears a funnel-shaped crown

In Mauritius, they share the island with several other tree ferns - the naturally occurring Mauritian species Cyathea grangaudiana and Cyathea excelsa - and the alien non-indigenous Cyathea cooperi which is introduced from its native Australia.

In Réunion, they share the island with the naturally occurring Réunionese species Cyathea glauca and Cyathea excelsa - and also with the introduced Cyathea cooperi.[1]

Cyathea borbonica can be distinguished from all of these other species by its small stipe and by its fronds' two-level division.[2]

• 
  The alien Cyathea cooperi can be distinguished by the red and white hairs on its new fronds.
• 
  The tripinnate fronds of Cyathea glauca in Réunion.