DFNB31

Whirlin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DFNB31 gene.[5][6][7]

WHRN
Available structures
PDBOrtholog search: PDBe RCSB
Identifiers
AliasesWHRN, CIP98, PDZD7B, USH2D, WI, DFNB31, whirlin
External IDsOMIM: 607928 MGI: 2682003 HomoloGene: 18739 GeneCards: WHRN
Gene location (Human)
Chr.Chromosome 9 (human)[1]
Band9q32Start114,402,080 bp[1]
End114,505,473 bp[1]
RNA expression pattern


More reference expression data
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

25861

73750

Ensembl

ENSG00000095397

ENSMUSG00000039137

UniProt

Q9P202

Q80VW5

RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_001083885
NM_001173425
NM_015404
NM_001346890

RefSeq (protein)

NP_001077354
NP_001166896
NP_001333819
NP_056219

NP_001008791
NP_001008792
NP_001008793
NP_001263300
NP_082916

Location (UCSC)Chr 9: 114.4 – 114.51 MbChr 4: 63.41 – 63.5 Mb
PubMed search[3][4]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

In rat brain, WHRN interacts with a calmodulin-dependent serine kinase, CASK, and may be involved in the formation of scaffolding protein complexes that facilitate synaptic transmission in the central nervous system (CNS).[8] Mutations in this gene, also known as WHRN, cause autosomal recessive deafness.[7]

Model organisms

Model organisms have been used in the study of WHRN function. A conditional knockout mouse line, called Whrntm1a(EUCOMM)Wtsi[12][13] was generated as part of the International Knockout Mouse Consortium program — a high-throughput mutagenesis project to generate and distribute animal models of disease to interested scientists.[14][15][16]

Male and female animals underwent a standardized phenotypic screen to determine the effects of deletion.[10][17] Twenty tests were carried out on mutant mice and two significant abnormalities were observed.[10] Whrntm1a(EUCOMM)Wtsi homozygote mice show a moderate to severe hearing loss at 14 weeks. Female homozygous mutant animals also displayed an increased thermal nociceptive threshold in a hot plate test.[10]

References

  1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000095397 - Ensembl, May 2017
  2. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000039137 - Ensembl, May 2017
  3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. Mburu P, Mustapha M, Varela A, Weil D, El-Amraoui A, Holme RH, Rump A, Hardisty RE, Blanchard S, Coimbra RS, Perfettini I, Parkinson N, Mallon AM, Glenister P, Rogers MJ, Paige AJ, Moir L, Clay J, Rosenthal A, Liu XZ, Blanco G, Steel KP, Petit C, Brown SD (Aug 2003). "Defects in whirlin, a PDZ domain molecule involved in stereocilia elongation, cause deafness in the whirler mouse and families with DFNB31". Nat Genet. 34 (4): 421–8. doi:10.1038/ng1208. PMID 12833159. S2CID 39603776.
  6. Ebermann I, Scholl HP, Charbel Issa P, Becirovic E, Lamprecht J, Jurklies B, Millan JM, Aller E, Mitter D, Bolz H (Mar 2007). "A novel gene for Usher syndrome type 2: mutations in the long isoform of whirlin are associated with retinitis pigmentosa and sensorineural hearing loss". Hum Genet. 121 (2): 203–11. doi:10.1007/s00439-006-0304-0. PMID 17171570. S2CID 22632047.
  7. "Entrez Gene: DFNB31 deafness, autosomal recessive 31".
  8. Yap CC, Liang F, Yamazaki Y, et al. (2003). "CIP98, a novel PDZ domain protein, is expressed in the central nervous system and interacts with calmodulin-dependent serine kinase". J. Neurochem. 85 (1): 123–34. doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.2003.01647.x. PMID 12641734. S2CID 46526881.
  9. "Hot plate data for Whrn". Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute.
  10. Gerdin AK (2010). "The Sanger Mouse Genetics Programme: High throughput characterisation of knockout mice". Acta Ophthalmologica. 88: 925–7. doi:10.1111/j.1755-3768.2010.4142.x. S2CID 85911512.
  11. Mouse Resources Portal, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute.
  12. "International Knockout Mouse Consortium".
  13. "Mouse Genome Informatics".
  14. Skarnes, W. C.; Rosen, B.; West, A. P.; Koutsourakis, M.; Bushell, W.; Iyer, V.; Mujica, A. O.; Thomas, M.; Harrow, J.; Cox, T.; Jackson, D.; Severin, J.; Biggs, P.; Fu, J.; Nefedov, M.; De Jong, P. J.; Stewart, A. F.; Bradley, A. (2011). "A conditional knockout resource for the genome-wide study of mouse gene function". Nature. 474 (7351): 337–342. doi:10.1038/nature10163. PMC 3572410. PMID 21677750.
  15. Dolgin E (2011). "Mouse library set to be knockout". Nature. 474 (7351): 262–3. doi:10.1038/474262a. PMID 21677718.
  16. Collins FS, Rossant J, Wurst W (2007). "A Mouse for All Reasons". Cell. 128 (1): 9–13. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.12.018. PMID 17218247. S2CID 18872015.
  17. van der Weyden L, White JK, Adams DJ, Logan DW (2011). "The mouse genetics toolkit: revealing function and mechanism". Genome Biol. 12 (6): 224. doi:10.1186/gb-2011-12-6-224. PMC 3218837. PMID 21722353.

Further reading

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