Dendrophryniscus proboscideus

Dendrophryniscus proboscideus
Conservation status
	; Data Deficient (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Amphibia
Order:	Anura
Family:	Bufonidae
Genus:	Dendrophryniscus
Species:	D. proboscideus
Binomial name
	Dendrophryniscus proboscideus; (Boulenger, 1882)
Synonyms
	Phryniscus proboscideus Boulenger, 1882; Atelopus proboscideus (Boulenger, 1882); Rhamphophryne proboscidea (Boulenger, 1882); Rhinella boulengeri Chaparro et al., 2007[2];

Dendrophryniscus proboscideus is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to Southeastern Brazil and known from isolated records in fragments of Atlantic Forest in eastern Bahia and northeastern Minas Gerais states.[3]

Taxonomy

This species has been through a series of taxonomic changes. It was originally named Phryniscus proboscideus, and then Rhamphophryne proboscidea. A merge of the genus Rhamphophryne into Rhinella briefly placed this species into junior homonymy with a different species, Rhinella proboscidea. To resolve this, it was renamed Rhinella boulengeri in 2007.[2] A 2012 analysis moved the species into the genus Dendrophryniscus and renamed it Dendrophryniscus proboscideus.[4][3]

Description

Dendrophryniscus proboscideus are relatively large among the Dendrophryniscus, measuring 32 to 47 mm (1.3 to 1.9 in) in snout–vent length. The body is slender and warty. The snout is protruding. The males have nuptial pads.[4]

Habitat and conservation

Dendrophryniscus proboscideus inhabits pristine and somewhat disturbed lowland forests, often in association with small streams. It is a leaf-litter species active during the day.[1][4] It is threatened by habitat loss caused by expansion of agriculture, wood plantations, and human settlements, livestock grazing, clear-cutting, and collection of bromeliads.[1]

References

Bruno Pimenta; Flora Junca (2004). "Dendrophryniscus boulengeri ". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2004: e.T54880A11207306. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T54880A11207306.en.
Chaparro, J. C.; Pramuk, J. B.; Gluesenkamp, A. G.; Frost, D. R. (2007). "Secondary homonymy of Bufo proboscideus Spix, 1824, with Phryniscus proboscideus Boulenger, 1882". Copeia. 2007 (4): 1029. doi:10.1643/0045-8511(2007)7[1029:shobps]2.0.co;2.
Frost, Darrel R. (2016). "Dendrophryniscus proboscideus (Boulenger, 1882)". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 8 May 2016.
Fouquet, Antoine; Recoder, Renato; Teixeira, Mauro; Cassimiro, José; Amaro, Renata Cecília; Camacho, Agustín; Damasceno, Roberta; Carnaval, Ana Carolina; Moritz, Craig; Rodrigues, Miguel Trefaut (2012). "Molecular phylogeny and morphometric analyses reveal deep divergence between Amazonia and Atlantic Forest species of Dendrophryniscus". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 62 (3): 826–838. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2011.11.023. PMID 22166838.

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[IUCN-1] Bruno Pimenta; Flora Junca (2004). "Dendrophryniscus boulengeri ". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2004: e.T54880A11207306. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T54880A11207306.en.

[ChaparroEtAl-2] Chaparro, J. C.; Pramuk, J. B.; Gluesenkamp, A. G.; Frost, D. R. (2007). "Secondary homonymy of Bufo proboscideus Spix, 1824, with Phryniscus proboscideus Boulenger, 1882". Copeia. 2007 (4): 1029. doi:10.1643/0045-8511(2007)7[1029:shobps]2.0.co;2.

[Frost-3] Frost, Darrel R. (2016). "Dendrophryniscus proboscideus (Boulenger, 1882)". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 8 May 2016.

[Fouquet_et_al_2012-4] Fouquet, Antoine; Recoder, Renato; Teixeira, Mauro; Cassimiro, José; Amaro, Renata Cecília; Camacho, Agustín; Damasceno, Roberta; Carnaval, Ana Carolina; Moritz, Craig; Rodrigues, Miguel Trefaut (2012). "Molecular phylogeny and morphometric analyses reveal deep divergence between Amazonia and Atlantic Forest species of Dendrophryniscus". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 62 (3): 826–838. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2011.11.023. PMID 22166838.