Dillenia philippinensis

Dillenia philippinensis (katmon) is a favorite tree among Filipino garden enthusiasts. It is endemic to the Philippines[1] and can be used for urban greening. Its fruit is known as elephant apple. Katmon grows in low to medium altitude forests throughout the Philippines, but does not survive the cold climates of the uplands.

Katmon
Dillenia philippinensis at Wahiawa Botanical Garden
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Dilleniales
Family: Dilleniaceae
Genus: Dillenia
Species:
D. philippinensis
Binomial name
Dillenia philippinensis
Katmon in the Philippines

Katmon is featured on the reverse side of the Philippine twenty-five centavo coin since 2018 as part of the New Generation Currency Coin Series.[2]

Description

Katmon is a medium-sized evergreen tree that grows as high as 10 to 15 meters. Its trunk is erect and the branches usually start midway of the trunk. The tree is buttress-forming, evergreen, and shade tolerant. The bark is smooth with shallow fissures. The leaves are leathery, shining, ovate, elliptic or oblong-ovate, about 12 to 25 centimeters long, and coarsely toothed at the margins. Its flowers are white, large, showy, and about 15 centimeters in diameter with reddish pistils and stamens. The edible fruits are rounded, about six to eight centimeters in diameter, with large fleshy sepals tightly enclosing the true fruit.

Uses

The fruit, called "elephant apple", has a diameter that is around five to six centimeters. It contains a soft, fleshy, green, and edible pulp with a flavor similar to a sour green apple. It is used to make sauces, jams, and flavoring for fish. The fruit's acid is mixed with sugar to make a traditional cure for cough. It is also used to clean the hair.

The tree is harvested for its timber[1] as it is suitable for furniture and cabinet making. The wood has a beautiful silver grain similar to a quartered oak. A red dye is can also be obtained from the bark.[3]

References
  1. Energy Development Corporation (EDC) (2020). "Dillenia philippinensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020. Retrieved 28 July 2020.
  2. "LOOK: Newly designed Philippine coins". Rappler. March 26, 2018. Retrieved March 13, 2019.
  3. "Tree of the month part 2: Katmon (Dillenia philippinesis Rolfe)". Philstar. March 23, 2011. Retrieved May 29, 2019.
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