Djawoto

Djawoto started working as a teacher in 1927.[1] He was a member of the Javanese batik traders's cooperative known as Sarekat Islam.[1][3] A friend of Sukarno, Djawoto joined the Indonesian Nationalist Party in 1927.[4] After 15 years as a teacher, Djawoto changed career and became a journalist instead.[1] He worked at the Antara news agency for a number of years[4] and served as its chief editor from 1946 to 1964.[4] In 1945 he was included in the Education Section of the Socialist Party at the founding congress of the party.[1][5] He was a member of the Central Indonesian National Committee between 1945 and 1949.[1] His book Djurnalistik dalam praktek ('Journalism in Practice') was published in 1960.[1][6] Djawoto was a leading figure in the Union of Indonesian Journalists (PWI).[7]

In 1964 he was named ambassador to China and Mongolia by President Sukarno. He was one of six journalists that Sukarno appointed as ambassadors during the 1960s.[4]

After the 30 September Movement coup attempt, rumored to have been sponsored by the Communist Party of Indonesia, and the resulting purge of persons considered communists which killed hundreds of thousands, the political situation in Indonesia became unstable. The once civil government became a military regime,[8] and the country's political allegiances, previously supporting the East Bloc, became more friendly to the West.[9] As a result, several hundred or thousand Indonesian leftists travelling abroad were unable to return to their homeland.[10]

Djawoto, the ambassador to a communist country, remained in China[11] and resigned his post, despite being recalled by the Indonesian Ministry of Foreign Affairs.[12] In the early morning of April 16, 1966, Djawoto held a press conference at which he declared that he was no longer the Indonesian ambassador.[13][14] In April 1966 Djawoto was granted political asylum in China.[15] The Indonesian government withdrew his passport.[16] He became general secretary of the Beijing-based Afro-Asian Journalists Association.[11][17]

Djawoto left China and emigrated to the Netherlands in 1981.[1][4] Whilst he had not been a Communist Party member, Djawoto was not allowed to return to Indonesia.[1]

• Hill, David (2008). Knowing Indonesia from Afar: Indonesian Exiles and Australian Academics (PDF) (Paper delivered at the 17th Biennial Conference on the Asian Studies Association of Australia). Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 March 2012. Retrieved 16 March 2012.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)