Drumming out

One of the earliest recorded references to drumming out occurs in Alexander Pope's Moral Essays, 3rd epistle, 1731–1733: "Chartres was a man infamous for all manner of vices. When he was an ensign in the army, he was drummed out of the regiment for a cheat; he was next banished Brussels, and drummed out of Ghent, on the same account."[2]

It also occurs in a figurative sense in Thomas Amory's 1766 Life of John Buncle: "They ought to be drummed out of society."[3]

The earliest known discharge of an American soldier involved the drumming out of Lieutenant Frederick Gotthold Enslin for attempted sodomy in March 1778 during the Revolutionary War. The diary of Lieutenant James McMichael contains a record of the sentence being carried out:

"March 15. — I this morning proceeded to the grand parade, where I was a spectator to the drumming out of Lieut. Enslin of Col. Malcom's regiment. He was first drum'd from right to left of the parade, thence to the left wing of the army; from that to the centre, and lastly transported over the Schuylkill with orders never to be seen in Camp in the future. This shocking scene was performed by all the drums and fifes in the army—the coat of the delinquent was turned wrong side out."[4]

The sentencing order, approved by George Washington, called for Enslin to be permanently drummed out of the Continental Army.[5]

American Civil War officers drummed out of service might have their heads shaved and their uniforms stripped of insignia and be paraded in front of their comrades. Fellow officers were forbidden to touch the person being dishonorably discharged, but in more than one case after the war had ended, a drummed-out man was found dead after receiving a beating from his former comrades.[6] When someone was being drummed out, the tune "Rogue's March" would be played.[7]

The opening to the 1965 NBC series Branded used the ceremony in its opening credits.

In the 1983 film The Lords of Discipline, one of the main characters is dismissed from the fictional Carolina Military Institute in such a ceremony.

In the Married... With Children episode "All-Nite Security Dude," Al is drummed out of his position as school security guard.

In season 4 episode 2 of AMC series Turn: Washington's Spies a soldier's wife is drummed out of camp and loses her privileges as a camp follower for refusing to wash clothes for the army.

• Cashiering