Duke of Chaulnes

The title of Duke of Chaulnes (French: duc de Chaulnes), a French peerage, is held by the d'Albert family beginning in 1621.

Coat of Arms of the Duke of Chaulnes

History
The Duchess of Chaulnes (née Anne Josèphe Bonnier; wife of Michel Ferdinand d'Albert d'Ailly) depicted as the goddess Hebe, by Jean Marc Nattier, 1744
The American heiress, Theodora d'Albert, Duchess of Chaulnes (née Shonts) in 1900, before she married Emmanuel d'Albert de Luynes.

First creation (1621–1698)

The duchy of Chaulnes was established by letters patent in January 1621 and registered on 6 March 1621 at the Parliament of Paris for the benefit of Honoré d'Albert (1581–1649), Marshal of France in 1619, known as the Marshal de Cadenet, a younger brother of Charles d'Albert, Duke of Luynes (1578–1621).[1]

Honoré d'Albert had married Charlotte Eugénie d'Ailly on 14 January 1620. She was heir to a family holding the titles of Count of Chaulnes (created in December 1563), Vidame d'Amiens and Baron de Picquigny. The marriage contract stipulated that their heirs would take the name and arms of Ailly. The first Duke of Chaulnes had three sons, all of whom took the surname of d'Albert d'Ailly. Of the three sons, only the eldest son Henri-Louis married, but only sired girls. Upon the first Duke's death in 1649, Henri-Louis became the second duke, and when he died four years later in 1653, the title passed to his younger brother, Charles, who became the third Duke.[2]

In 1667, to avoid the title passing into disuse, the 3rd Duke, at the request of his mother, named as his heir Charles Honoré d'Albert de Luynes, 7th Duke of Chevreuse (1646–1712), son of Louis Charles d'Albert de Luynes the 2nd Duke of Luynes. The Duke of Chevreuse's marriage contract stipulated that the title would pass to the youngest child of his marriage,[lower-alpha 1] and, in case the male line subsequently ended, to the youngest of that name who held the arms of the d'Albert family. Thus two distinct houses were created: Luynes, which the Duke of Chevreuse inherited from his father, and Chaulnes, which remained distinct and separate from the former until the direct line of inheritance came to an end. In that case, the two houses should be reunited until it was possible to separate them again (which happened in 1792).[4]

Second creation (1711–1792)

With the death of the 3rd Duke of Chaulnes, the first line of d'Albert d'Ailly ended and the duchy of Chaulnes went to the Duke of Chevreuse, Charles Honoré d'Albert de Luynes, who succeeded his father as the 3rd Duke of Luynes the following year in 1699. In 1694, he passed the duchy of Luynes to his eldest son Honoré Charles on the occasion of his marriage to Marie Anne Jeanne de Courcillon (a daughter of Philippe de Courcillon), and assigned the duchy of Chaulnes to his younger son Louis Auguste, Vidame d'Amiens, also on the occasion of his marriage in 1710. This transmission was confirmed by letters patent in October 1711, registered on 1 December 1711, which established Chaulnes as a duchy for the first time in favour of Louis Auguste's son, Charles François. Charles Honoré's eldest son was killed in 1704, and his grandson, Charles Philippe, inherited the duchy of Luynes upon the elder's death in 1712.[5]

In 1732, Charles Philippe d'Albert, the 4th Duke of Luynes, and, his uncle, Louis Auguste, the 4th Duke of Chaulnes, made an agreement whereby the former relinquished his rights over the duchy of Chaulnes, while the latter received confirmation which said that if the duchy of Chaulnes should return to the house of Luynes, it would pass to the youngest child of that family, and then remain in the direct male line (which happened in 1980).[6]

Subsequent usage

In 1792, upon the death of Louis Joseph d'Albert d'Ailly, the second d'Ailly line ended. Since then, the title of Duke of Chaulnes has been used as an irregular courtesy title in the d'Albert de Luynes family. It was first used by Charles Marie d'Albert de Luynes (a son of Louis Joseph d'Albert, 6th Duke of Luynes), who became the 7th Duke of Luynes in 1807. After Charles Marie's death in 1839, it passed to his son, Honoré Théodoric d'Albert de Luynes, Duke of Luynes, of Chevreuse and of Chaulnes.[7] In 1852, Honoré Théodoric passed it to his grandson Paul d'Albert de Luynes, who took the title of Duke of Chaulnes as a courtesy title. The duchy passed to his son in 1881 and then his son in 1908.[8] Upon the latter's death in 1980, the line ended again and the title reverted to the Duke of Luynes.

Today, the title is carried today as a courtesy title by a younger brother of the penultimate Duke of Luynes.[9][lower-alpha 2]

List of Dukes of Chaulnes

The Dukes of Chaulnes since 1621:[11]

Number From To Duke of Chaulnes Relationship to predecessor
1 1621 1649 Honoré d'Albert (1581–1649)[11] 1st Duke of Chaulnes (brother to Charles d'Albert, 1st Duke of Luynes)[12]
2 1649 1653 Henri Louis d'Albert d'Ailly (1620–1653)[11] Son of the former
3 1653 1698 Charles d'Albert d'Ailly (1625–1698)[11] Brother of the former and son of the 1st Duke of Chaulnes
4 1698 1711 Louis Auguste d'Albert d'Ailly (1676–1744)[11] Son of Charles Honoré d'Albert, 3rd Duke of Luynes[12]
5 1711 1731 Charles François d'Albert d'Ailly (1707–1731)[11] Son of the former
6 1731 1769 Michel Ferdinand d'Albert d'Ailly (1714–1769)[11] Brother of the former
7 1769 1792 Louis Joseph d'Albert d'Ailly (1741–1792)[11] Son of the former
8 1792 1839 Charles Marie Paul André d'Albert de Luynes (1783–1839)[11] Son of Louis Joseph d'Albert, 6th Duke of Luynes
9 1839 1852 Honoré Théodoric d'Albert de Luynes (1802–1867)[11] Son of the former
10 1852 1881 Paul Marie Stanislas Honoré d'Albert de Luynes (1852–1881)[11] Grandson of the former[lower-alpha 3][13]
11 1881 1908 Emmanuel Théodore Bernard Marie d'Albert de Luynes (1878–1908)[11] Son of the former[14][15][16][17]
12 1908 1980 Emmanuel Théodore Bernard Marie II d'Albert de Luynes (1908–1980)[11] Son of the former
13 1980 Incumbent Jacques François Marie Raymond d'Albert de Luynes (b. 1946)[11] Son of Philippe d'Albert, 11th Duke of Luynes.

See also

References
Notes
  1. In 1667, Charles Honoré d'Albert de Luynes married Jeanne Marie Colbert, the daughter of French statesman Jean-Baptiste Colbert, who served as First Minister of State from 1661 until 1683 under the rule of King Louis XIV. Among her siblings were brothers Jean-Baptiste Colbert, Marquis de Seignelay and Jacques-Nicolas Colbert, the Archbishop of Rouen.[3]
  2. Jacques d'Albert de Luynes (b. 1946), 13th Duke of Chaulnes is the younger brother of Jean d'Albert, 12th Duke of Luynes (1945–2008), both being sons of Philippe d'Albert de Luynes, 11th Duke of Luynes (1905–1993).[10] After the 12th Duke of Luynes death in 2008, he was succeeded by his eldest son, Philippe d'Albert, 13th Duke of Luynes (b. 1977), nephew of the current Duke of Chaulnes.
  3. Paul d'Albert de Luynes, 10th Duke of Chaulnes (1852–1881) was the only son of Honoré-Louis d'Albert de Luynes, Duke of Chevreuse (1823–1854), who predeceased his father Honoré Théodoric d'Albert de Luynes, Duke of Luynes, of Chevreuse and of Chaulnes.
Sources
  1. Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Luynes" . Encyclopædia Britannica. 17 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 147.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  2. Bausset, Louis François (1817). Histoire de Fénélon, archevêque de Cambrai: 4 (in French). Lebel. p. 195. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  3. Luynes, Charles Philippe d'Albert de (1861). MÉMOIRES DE DUC DE LUYNES SUR LA COUR DE LOUIS XV (1735-1758): PUBLIÉS SOUS LE PATRONAGE DE M. LE DUC DE LUYNES (in French). FIRMIN DIDOT FRÈRES, FILS ET CIE, LIBRAIRES IMPRIMEURS DE L'INSTITUT, RUE JACOB, No 56. Retrieved 10 November 2020.
  4. Luynes, Charles-Philippe d'Albert duc de (1860). Mémoires du duc de Luynes sur la cour de Louis XV (1735-1758) publiés sous le patronage de M. le duc de Luynes (in French). Firmin Didot frères. Retrieved 10 November 2020.
  5. Morenas, Henri Jougla de (1934). Grand armorial de France: catalogue général des armoiries des familles nobles de France. ... (in French). Les éditions héraldiques. pp. 138–139. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  6. Sereville, E. de; Simon, F. de Saint (1975). Dictionnaire de la noblesse française (in French). la Société française au XX- siècle. p. 103. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  7. père), Anselme (de Sainte Marie (1868). Histoire généalogique et chronologique de la Maison royale de France: des pairs, grands officiers de la couronne et de la maison du roy, et des anciens barons du royaume ... (in French). Editions du Palais Royal. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  8. D'Est-Ange, Chaix (1903). Dictionnaire Des Familles Françaises, Anciennes Ou Notables, a la Fin Du Xixe Siècle, Vol. 16 : Eas-Eys (in French). ISBN 978-0-353-65176-0. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  9. Montgomery-Massingberd, Hugh (1977). Burke's Royal Families of the World. Burke's Peerage. p. 124. Retrieved 9 November 2020.
  10. Vallejos, Soledad (2015). Vida de ricos: Costumbres y manías de argentinos con dinero (in Spanish). Penguin Random House Grupo Editorial Argentina. p. 52. ISBN 978-987-735-023-4. Retrieved 9 November 2020.
  11. "Maison d'Albert de Luynes". www.europeanheraldry.org. European Heraldry. Retrieved 10 November 2020.
  12. Chisholm 1911, p. 147.
  13. "GOSSIP IN THE FRENCH CAPITAL.; THE SENSATIONAL LAWSUIT--AN EXHIBITION OF INTERNATIONAL ART". The New York Times. 21 May 1882. Retrieved 12 November 2020.
  14. "Duc de Chaulnes Dies in Arms of Wife". San Francisco Call (Volume 103, Number 147). 25 April 1908. Retrieved 10 November 2020.
  15. "TO MARRY A FRENCH DUKE; Daughter of William Gebhard Engaged to the Due de Chaulnes et de Picquigny". The New York Times. 21 March 1902. Retrieved 10 November 2020.
  16. Cablegram, Special (28 November 1906). "MISS THEODORA SHONTS WILL BE A DUCHESS; Her Engagement to Duc de Chaulnes Announced. ROMANCE BEGAN IN FRANCE The Bride-to-Be Is the Youngest Daughter of the President of the Panama Canal Commission". The New York Times. Retrieved 10 November 2020.
  17. Times, Special to The New York (25 March 1907). "MISS SHONTS MAY WED FRENCH DUKE; Her Father Might Consent to Arrange the Customary Settlement. A QUESTION Of HAPPINESS Miss Shonts and Her Mother Show Favor to Titled Suitor -- Duchess May Visit Them". The New York Times. Retrieved 10 November 2020.
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