E. Townsend Mix

Edward Townsend Mix (May 13, 1831 – September 2, 1890) was an American architect of the Gilded Age who designed many buildings in the Midwestern United States. His career was centered in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, and many of his designs made use of the region's distinctive Cream City brick.

E. Townsend Mix
The National Soldiers' Home in Milwaukee was designed by Mix in the High Victorian Gothic style during the 1860s.

Biography

Mix was born in New Haven, Connecticut, on May 13, 1831, the first child of Edward A. and Emily M. Mix. The family moved west to Andover, Illinois, in 1836. They relocated again to New York City in 1845, where E. Townsend Mix began studying architecture. He would eventually be apprenticed to Connecticut architect Sidney Mason Stone. Mix also studied under Richard Upjohn, who brought Mix towards the Gothic Revival architecture that would become one of his most enduring styles.

In 1855, E. Townsend Mix moved to Chicago, Illinois, and began a brief partnership with architect William W. Boyington. The firm's work took Mix to Milwaukee, Wisconsin, where he decided to begin an independent practice in 1856. Mix dissolved his partnership with Boyington and began designing homes and businesses for Milwaukee's leading residents.

Mix was appointed Wisconsin's State Architect from 1864 to 1867. The end of the Civil War brought an important contract when he was chosen to design the Milwaukee branch of the National Soldiers' Home for disabled war veterans. The resulting structure, finished in 1869, is a colorful Gothic Revival building that still towers over the surrounding park and cemetery. Mix also designed the Gothic Revival Cathedral Church of All Saints and the Monroe Methodist Church at about this time.

Mix's career further accelerated when the new state of Kansas selected his French Renaissance design for the Kansas State Capitol in Topeka. Construction began in 1866, and several other architects including John G. Haskell modified Mix's design before the building was completed 37 years later.

During the early 1870s, Mix designed a number of Italianate homes for prominent Midwestern families, including Villa Louis in Prairie du Chien for H. Louis Dousman in 1870, and in 1874 both the Robert Patrick Fitzgerald House in Milwaukee and Montauk in Clermont, Iowa, home of Iowa governor William Larrabee.

The Mitchell Building and immediately adjacent Mackie Building exemplify Mix's work in the ornate Second Empire Style during the 1870s.

By the second half of the 1870s, Mix shifted much of his focus to the Second Empire style. In 1873 he remodeled the home of leading Milwaukee businessman Alexander Mitchell in this style, giving it a four-story tower and mansard roofs. Later Mitchell would hire Mix to use the same style in designing two commercial buildings in downtown Milwaukee: the Mitchell Building in 1876 and the Mackie Building in 1879.

In the 1880s, Mix adopted a number of additional styles for his buildings. He used Romanesque Revival for St. Paul's Episcopal Church, built in Milwaukee in 1874, and he employed elements of Queen Anne and Eastlake styles for the A. H. Allyn House in Delavan, Wisconsin, in 1885. Mix sometimes mixed these styles with Gothic Revival, as in the Everett Street Depot built in 1886 for the Milwaukee Road. By this time, however, the styles favored by Mix were falling out of fashion in Milwaukee as its increasingly German population demanded buildings more reminiscent of their homeland.

Later in his career Mix also designed a number of projects in Minneapolis and Saint Paul, Minnesota (he would eventually move to Minneapolis in 1888). In 1883 he designed a grand mansion for William D. Washburn called Fair Oaks. He designed a pair of buildings for the Saint Paul Globe newspaper, one in Saint Paul (1887) and another in Minneapolis (1889). In 1888 he embarked on his largest project, the Northwestern Guaranty Loan Building, a twelve-story skyscraper in Richardsonian Romanesque style built with red Lake Superior sandstone. It was finished in 1890, the year of E. Townsend Mix's death in Minneapolis.

Legacy

E. Townsend Mix was a versatile architect who practiced an eclectic variety of styles, and although he sometimes mixed styles in novel ways, he did little to push the boundaries of any particular style. However, in his effort to remain abreast of changing architectural fashions, Mix introduced to the Upper Midwest many popular styles from eastern cities, and his buildings helped shape the landscape of urban Milwaukee and Minneapolis. Although urban renewal projects led to the demolition of some notable Mix buildings, including the Northwestern Guaranty Loan Building and the Everett Street Depot, many of his designs still stand, and several are listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP).

Works
Completed Works
NameCityState/CountryCompletedOther Information
First Congregational ChurchRiponWisconsin1865–1868220 Ransom St.
Part of the Ripon College Historic District
NRHP-listed [1] [2]
St. Luke's Episcopal Church, Chapel, Guildhall, and RectoryRacineWisconsin1866614 S. Main St.
Part of the Historic Sixth Street Business District
NRHP-listed
NRHP-listed [3]
Northwestern Branch, National Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers Historic DistrictMilwaukeeWisconsin18675000 W. National Ave.
NRHP-listed [4]
Olivet Congregational Church
Now part of All Saints' Episcopal Cathedral Complex		MilwaukeeWisconsin1868804–828 E. Juneau Ave.
NRHP-listed [5]
First Methodist ChurchMonroeWisconsin1869–188711th St. and 14th Ave.
NRHP-listed [6]
Villa LouisPrairie du ChienWisconsin1871Villa Rd. and Bolvin St.
NRHP-listed [7]
First Baptist ChurchWaukeshaWisconsin1872247 Wisconsin Ave.
NRHP-listed [8]
Wisconsin Leather Company BuildingMilwaukeeWisconsin1874320 E. Clybourn St.
Part of the East Side Commercial Historic District
NRHP-listed [9]
Immanuel Presbyterian ChurchMilwaukeeWisconsin18751100 N. Astor St.
NRHP-listed [10]
J. L. Burnham BlockMilwaukeeWisconsin1875907—911 W. National Ave.
NRHP-listed [11]
Thomas Cook HouseMilwaukeeWisconsin1875853 N. Seventeenth St.
NRHP-listed [12]
Mitchell BuildingMilwaukeeWisconsin1876207 E. Michigan St.
Part of the East Side Commercial Historic District
NRHP-listed [13]
Walter S. Chandler HouseWaukeshaWisconsin1876-1877151 W. College Ave.
NRHP-listed [14]
Zion Evangelical Lutheran Church and ParsonageColumbusWisconsin1878236 and 254 W. Mill St.
NRHP-listed [15]
Mackie BuildingMilwaukeeWisconsin1879225 E. Michigan St.
Part of the East Side Commercial Historic District
NRHP-listed [16]
Kansas State CapitolTopekaKansas1879-1889Bound by 8th and 10th Aves. and Jackson and Harrison Sts.
NRHP-listed [17]
Chauncey Hall BuildingRacineWisconsin1883338–340 Main St.
Part of the Historic Sixth Street Business District
NRHP-listed [18]
A. H. Allyn HouseDelavanWisconsin1885511 E. Walworth Ave.
NRHP-listed [19]
Milwaukee Normal School-Milwaukee Girls' Trade and Technical High SchoolMilwaukeeWisconsin18851820 W. Wells St.
NRHP-listed [20]
Elizabeth Plankinton HouseDelavanWisconsin1886–88Demolished
Grand Avenue Congregational ChurchMilwaukeeWisconsin1887–18882133 W. Wisconsin Ave.
NRHP-listed [21]
Northwestern Guaranty Loan Building
Later known as the Metropolitan Building		MinneapolisMinnesota1890Demolished 1961.
2133 W. Wisconsin Ave.
NRHP-listed
St. Paul's Episcopal ChurchMilwaukeeWisconsin1890904 E. Knapp St.
NRHP-listed
NRHP-listed [22]
Wisconsin Consistory BuildingMilwaukeeWisconsin1893790 N. Van Buren St.
NRHP-listed [23]
Oneida Street StationMilwaukeeWisconsin1898-1900108 E. Wells and 816 N. Edison Sts.
NRHP-listed [24]
Phoenix Hall, Wisconsin Institute for the Education of the Deaf and DumbDelavanWisconsin309 W. Walworth St.
NRHP-listed [25]


References
  • Burrows, John R. (1980). The Work of E. Townsend Mix from 1856–1890. Thesis (M. Architectural History)--University of Virginia, 1980.
  • Szczesny-Adams, Chris (2008). "The Mark of Mix". Wisconsin People and Ideas. Madison, Wisconsin: Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts and Letters (Summer 2008): 33–40. ISSN 1558-9633.
  • "Mix, Edward Townsend 1831 – 1890". Wisconsin Historical Society. Retrieved August 11, 2009.
  1. "National Register Information System – First Congregational Church (#79000077)". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. November 2, 2013. Retrieved January 20, 2020.
  2. "National Register Information System – Ripon College Historic District (#95000679)". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. November 2, 2013. Retrieved January 20, 2020.
  3. "National Register Information System – St. Luke's Episcopal Church, Chapel, Guildhall, and Rectory (#79000105)". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. November 2, 2013. Retrieved January 21, 2020.
  4. "National Register Information System – Northwestern Branch, National Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers Historic District (#05000530)". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. November 2, 2013. Retrieved January 21, 2020.
  5. "National Register Information System – All Saints' Episcopal Cathedral Complex (#74000099)". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. November 2, 2013. Retrieved January 21, 2020.
  6. "National Register Information System – First Methodist Church (#75000065)". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. November 2, 2013. Retrieved January 21, 2020.
  7. "National Register Information System – Villa Louis (#66000123)". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. November 2, 2013. Retrieved January 21, 2020.
  8. "National Register Information System – First Baptist Church (#83004334)". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. November 2, 2013. Retrieved January 21, 2020.
  9. "National Register Information System – Wisconsin Leather Company Building (#05000250)". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. November 2, 2013. Retrieved January 21, 2020.
  10. "National Register Information System – Immanuel Presbyterian Church (#74000104)". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. November 2, 2013. Retrieved January 21, 2020.
  11. "National Register Information System – J. L. Burnham Block (#88000086)". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. November 2, 2013. Retrieved January 21, 2020.
  12. "National Register Information System – Thomas Cook House (#86000104)". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. November 2, 2013. Retrieved January 21, 2020.
  13. "National Register Information System – Mitchell Building (#73000087)". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. November 2, 2013. Retrieved January 21, 2020.
  14. "National Register Information System – Walter S. Chandler House (#74000137)". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. November 2, 2013. Retrieved January 21, 2020.
  15. "National Register Information System – Zion Evangelical Lutheran Church and Parsonage (#09000509)". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. November 2, 2013. Retrieved January 21, 2020.
  16. "National Register Information System – Mackie Building (#73000084)". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. November 2, 2013. Retrieved January 20, 2020.
  17. "National Register Information System – Kansas State Capitol (#71000330)". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. November 2, 2013. Retrieved January 21, 2020.
  18. "National Register Information System – Chauncey Hall Building (#80000175)". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. November 2, 2013. Retrieved January 21, 2020.
  19. "National Register Information System – A. H. Allyn House (#85001950)". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. November 2, 2013. Retrieved January 21, 2020.
  20. "National Register Information System – Milwaukee Normal School-Milwaukee Girls' Trade and Technical High School (#86000123)". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. November 2, 2013. Retrieved January 21, 2020.
  21. "National Register Information System – Grand Avenue Congregational Church (#86000110)". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. November 2, 2013. Retrieved January 21, 2020.
  22. "National Register Information System – St. Paul's Episcopal Church (#74000110)". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. November 2, 2013. Retrieved January 21, 2020.
  23. "National Register Information System – Wisconsin Consistory Building (#94001158)". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. November 2, 2013. Retrieved January 21, 2020.
  24. "National Register Information System – Oneida Street Station (#84000701)". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. November 2, 2013. Retrieved January 21, 2020.
  25. "National Register Information System – Phoenix Hall (#87000492)". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. November 2, 2013. Retrieved January 21, 2020.
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