Edward Marion Augustus Chandler
Edward Marion Augustus Chandler (1887–1973) was the second African American to receive a Ph.D. in chemistry while studying at University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign and was a founding faculty member at Roosevelt University in Chicago.
Edward Marion Augustus Chandler | |
|---|---|
| Born | April 10, 1887 Ocala, Florida |
| Died | March 22,1973 Chicago, Illinois |
| Alma mater | University of Illinois, Ph.D. (1917)
Clark University, M.S. (1914) Howard University, A.B. (1913) |
| Known for | triphenylmethane dyes |
| Spouse(s) | Estella May Thorton |
| Children | 2 |
| Scientific career | |
| Institutions | Dicks David & Heller Company (1917 - 1921), Abbott Laboratories (1921 - 1924) |
| Thesis | The molecular rearrangement of carbon compounds (1917) |
| Doctoral advisor | Roger Adams |
| Influences | C. G. Derick, William A. Noyes, Oliver Kamm |
Early life and education
Chandler was the first of eight children born to Annie M. (née Onley) (1861 - 1909) and Henry Wilkins Chandler (1852 - 1938) in Ocala, Florida.[1][2] Chandler's mother was a teacher from New York, and Chandler's father was the first Black graduate of Bates College in Maine who was an early African American lawyer, Florida state senator, and Republican Party Delegate.[2]
After completing high school, Chandler attended Teachers' College of Howard University where he received his A.B. in Education in 1913.[2] He then went to Clark University and obtained his M.S. in chemistry in 1914.[3] His master thesis was titled On the dynamics of ester hydrolosis [sic] by acids.[4] He completed his Ph.D. in chemistry in 1917 under the guidance Roger Adams at the University of Illinois which made him the second African American to earn a Ph.D. in chemistry in the United States after St. Elmo Brady.[2][3][5][6][7]
Career
After completing his Ph.D., he worked in the dye firm of Dicks, David and Heller Company until 1921.[2][8] Then he worked at the pharmaceutical manufacturer Abbott Laboratories. In 1924 Chandler left Abbott to become a consulting chemist in Lake County, Illinois.[2]
In 1945 Chandler was among the founding faculty of the new racially integrated Roosevelt College (now Roosevelt University). Other pioneers at the school included sociologist St. Clair Drake, modern dancer Sybil Shearer, and sociologist Rose Hum Lee.[2][9] Chandler taught there for twenty years.[2][10][11]
Professional memberships
- American Chemical Society[3][12]
- Fellowship in Science[3]
- Phi Lambda Upsilon[3][12]
- Sigma Xi[12][13]
Family
He married Arstella May Thorton. They had two children together: Dean T. Chandler born in 1917 and Beverly Jane Chandler born in 1925.[1]
See also
- St. Elmo Brady - first African-American to obtain a PhD in chemistry in US (1916)
- Percy Lavon Julian - third African-American to obtain a PhD in chemistry in US (1931)
- Marie Maynard Daly - first female African-American to obtain a PhD in chemistry in US (1947)
- List of African-American inventors and scientists
References
- "Edward Marion Augustus Chandler". www.ancestry.com. Retrieved 2020-08-16.
- https://www.sciencehistory.org/historical-profile/edward-chandler (accessed on May, 1, 2020)
- "Edward Chandler, one of Florida's finest". African American Registry. Retrieved 2020-08-16.
- Wilson, Louis N. 1857-1937 (1914). List of degrees granted at Clark university and Clark college, 1889-1914 . University of California Libraries. Worcester, Mass., Clark university press.
- https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/29155408.pdf
- https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/10200851.pdf
- Anderson, James D. (1993). "Race, Meritocracy, and the American Academy during the Immediate Post-World War II Era". History of Education Quarterly. 33 (2): 151–175. doi:10.2307/368340. ISSN 0018-2680. JSTOR 368340.
- Certified List of Domestic and Foreign Corporations for the Year ... Secretary of State. 1922.
- University, Laura Mills and Lynn Y. Weiner on behalf of Roosevelt (2014). Roosevelt University. Arcadia Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4671-1247-5.
- American Men and Women and Science. 4th edition (New York: McGraw-Hill), p.170.
- Blacks in Science and Education, Vivian O. Sammons. (Washington, D.C.: Hemisphere Publishers), 1989. p.52.
- "Denver Star June 30, 1917 — Colorado Historic Newspapers Collection". www.coloradohistoricnewspapers.org. Retrieved 2020-08-16.
- Shaw, James Byrnie; Lemon, Harvey B. (1917). "CHAPTER REPORTS: Illinois, Chicago". Sigma Xi Quarterly. 5 (2): 62–78. ISSN 0096-977X. JSTOR 27824035.