Edward McGehee

Edward McGehee (November 8, 1786 – October 1, 1880) was an American judge and major planter in Wilkinson County, Mississippi. He owned nearly 1,000 slaves to work his thousands of acres of cotton land at his Bowling Green Plantation.

Edward McGehee
BornNovember 8, 1786
DiedOctober 1, 1880 (1880-11) (aged 93)
Woodville, Mississippi
Resting placeBowling Green Cemetery, Woodville, Mississippi
OccupationPlanter
TitleJudge
Spouse(s)Mary (Burruss) McGehee
ChildrenCharles Goodrich McGehee
Francis William McGehee
John Burruss McGehee
Harriett Lucinda McGehee
Augusta Eugenia McGehee
Parent(s)Micajah McGehee
Ann (Scott) McGehee
RelativesStark Young (nephew)

In the 1830s, McGehee was among a group of major planters who founded the Mississippi Colonization Society, to transport free people of color from the state to West Africa. They intended to remove what they considered the destabilizing threat of free blacks to the slave society. They bought land known as Mississippi-in-Africa, which later became part of Liberia.

Biography

Early life

Edward McGehee was born on November 8, 1786. His father was Micajah McGehee and his mother, Ann (Scott) McGehee.

Career

After becoming established as an attorney, McGehee was appointed as a state judge in Mississippi.[1] A wealthy cotton planter, he owned the Bowling Green Plantation near Woodville in Wilkinson County, Mississippi.[1][2][3][4] The plantation spread across several thousand acres; McGehee held nearly 1,000 slaves to work this vast area.[4][5]

Additionally, McGehee owned a textile factory on his plantation, with about 100 slaves working in it.[3][5][6][7] In 1831, he purchased the West Feliciana Rail Road Company in Louisiana.[3][5][8]

Map of Liberia in the 1830s, where the Mississippi colony and other state-sponsored colonies are identified.

As early as the 1830s, together with other planters Isaac Ross (1760–1838), Stephen Duncan (1787–1867), John Ker (1789–1850), and educator/minister Jeremiah Chamberlain (1794–1851), McGehee co-founded the Mississippi Colonization Society, whose goal was to send freedmen and free people of color to Liberia in West Africa.[9][10] The organization was modeled after the American Colonization Society, but it focused on freedmen from Mississippi, where slaves outnumbered whites by a three-to-one ratio.[9][10]

During the American Civil War of 1861–1865, McGehee supported the Union.[5] However, he also sold clothes made in his textile factory to the Confederate States Army.[5] The mansion at his Bowling Green Plantation was burned down by United States Colored Troops in 1864.[1][4][11] His wife wrote about the incident in Army & Navy Herald, a Confederate newspaper.[5]

Personal life

He married Mary Hines Burruss.[5] They had three sons and two daughters:

  • Charles Goodrich McGehee (1823–1903)
  • Francis William McGehee (1831–1843)
  • John Burruss McGehee (1836–1913)
  • Harriett Lucinda McGehee (1844–1851)
  • Augusta Eugenia McGehee (1854–1882)

Death

McGehee died on October 1, 1880 at his plantation in Woodville, Mississippi.

Legacy
  • Author Stark Young (1881–1963) was his nephew.[4] He wrote about the fire that destroyed the plantation house in his 1934 novel So Red the Rose.[1][4] He also referred to it symbolically in his 1951 novel The Pavilion.[4]
  • The former Edward McGehee Church of the Methodist Episcopal Church, built between 1851 and 1853 and located at the intersection of Lafayette, Girod and Baronne streets in New Orleans, Louisiana, was named in his honor.[12] It was purchased by the Freemasons in 1906 and renamed as the Scottish Rite Cathedral.[12]
  • The former Edward McGehee College of Girls in Mississippi was named in his honor; author Henry Walter Featherstun (1849–1932) served as its President.[13][14][15]

References
  1. Helen Kerr Kempe, The Pelican Guide to Old Homes of Mississippi: Natchez and the South, Gretna, Louisiana: Pelican Publishing, 1989, pp. 9-10
  2. Marc R. Matrana, Lost Plantations of the South, Jackson, Mississippi: University Press of Mississippi, 2009, p. 142
  3. D. Clayton James, Antebellum Natchez, New Orleans, Louisiana: Louisiana State University, 1993, p. 190
  4. Patti Carr Black, Marion Barnwell, Touring Literary Mississippi, Jackson, Mississippi: University Press of Mississippi, 2002, p. 72
  5. Harold S. Wilson, Confederate Industry: Manufacturers and Quartermasters in the Civil War, Jackson, Mississippi: University Press of Mississippi, 2005, pp. 190-192
  6. William L. Richter, Historical Dictionary of the Old South, Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press, 2013, p. 191
  7. William J. Cooper Jr., Thomas E. Terrill, The American South: A History, Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield, 2008, p. 237
  8. Dennis J. Dufrene, Civil War: Baton Rouge, Port Hudson and Bayou Sara: Capturing the Mississippi, The History Press, 2012, pp. 12-13
  9. Mary Carol Miller, Lost Mansions of Mississippi, Jackson, Mississippi: University Press of Mississippi, 2010, Volume II, pp. 53-56
  10. Dale Edwyna Smith, The Slaves of Liberty: Freedom in Amite County, Mississippi, 1820–1868, Routledge, 2013, pp. 15-21
  11. Donald Davidson, Still Rebels, Still Yankees: And Other Essays, New Orleans, Louisiana: Louisiana State University Press, 1999, pp. 99-100
  12. Mary Louise Christovich, Roulhac Toledano, New Orleans Architecture: The American Sector, Gretna, Louisiana: Pelican Publishing, 1 Jul 1998, p. 152
  13. James B. Lloyd, Lives of Mississippi Authors, 1817–1967, Jackson, Mississippi: University Press of Mississippi, 2009, p. 169
  14. Biographical and Historical Memoirs of Mississippi, Gretna, Louisiana: Pelican Publishing, 1999, Part 1, p. 343
  15. Patronize Home Industry., Woodville Republican, December 5, 1891

Further reading
  • Pitts, Stella. The Burning of Bowling Green: The McGehee Mansion, Wilkinson County, Mississippi: an Illustrated History. Bowling Green Books, 1997. 24 pages.
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