Elpidia glacialis

Elpidia glacialis
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Echinodermata
Class:	Holothuroidea
Subclass:	Aspidochirotacea
Order:	Elasipodida
Family:	Elpidiidae
Genus:	Elpidia
Species:	E. glacialis
Binomial name
	Elpidia glacialis; Théel, 1876 [1]

Elpidia glacialis is a species of sea cucumber in the family Elpidiidae. It is found at abyssal depths in the Arctic Ocean, the Barents Sea, the Kara Sea and the north Atlantic Ocean. It was first described in 1876 by the Swedish zoologist Johan Hjalmar Théel after he had collected specimens while accompanying the explorer Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld on an expedition attempting to find the Northeast Passage.[2]

Ecology

In a study in the Greenland Sea, E. glacialis occurred on the lower slopes of the continental shelf at depths of about 2,700 metres (8,900 ft). Other organisms occupying the same habitat included the sea lily Bathycrinus sp., the sea spider Ascorhynchus abyssi, the brachiopod Waldheimia cranium and the zoanthid Epizoanthus sp. The sea lily and the sea cucumber were the dominant species present, perhaps because echinoderms are able to adopt various foraging strategies to suit the availability of food supplies.[3]

In another study, in the central Arctic Ocean, it was found that most of the megafauna was only found within a certain range of depths, the only exceptions to this being E. glacialis and the predatory swimming snail Limacina helicina. The depth of the seabed in the study area of the Canada Basin was about 3,800 metres (12,500 ft).[4] A further study, this time in a canyon in the western part of the Greenland Sea at a depth of about 3,200 metres (10,500 ft), found E. glacialis was sometimes present with an abundance of up to sixty individuals per 1 square metre (11 sq ft). It is a deposit feeder and its abundance may reflect differences in the availability of food in the sediment.[5]

References

Paulay, Gustav (2014). "Elpidia glacialis - Théel, 1876". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 2014-11-04.
Karin Sindemark Kronestedt. "Hjalmar Théel" (in Swedish). Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet. Archived from the original on 2014-11-02. Retrieved 2014-11-05.
Mayer, Michaela; Piepenburg, Dieter (1996). "Epibenthic community patterns on the continental slope off East Greenland at 75"N" (PDF). Marine Ecology Progress Series. 143: 151–164. doi:10.3354/meps143151.
Gamber, James H.; Clark, David L. (1978). "Distribution of Microscopic Molluscs Echinoderms and Sponges in the Central Arctic Ocean". Micropaleontology. 24 (4): 422–431. doi:10.2307/1485371. JSTOR 1485371.
Thomas Heinzeller; James H. Nebelsick (8 December 2005). Echinoderms: Munchen: Proceedings of the 11th International Echinoderm Conference, 6-10 October 2003, Munich, Germany. Taylor & Francis. pp. 221–222. ISBN 978-1-134-21879-0.

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[WoRMS-1] Paulay, Gustav (2014). "Elpidia glacialis - Théel, 1876". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 2014-11-04.

[Kronestedt-2] Karin Sindemark Kronestedt. "Hjalmar Théel" (in Swedish). Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet. Archived from the original on 2014-11-02. Retrieved 2014-11-05.

[3] Mayer, Michaela; Piepenburg, Dieter (1996). "Epibenthic community patterns on the continental slope off East Greenland at 75"N" (PDF). Marine Ecology Progress Series. 143: 151–164. doi:10.3354/meps143151.

[4] Gamber, James H.; Clark, David L. (1978). "Distribution of Microscopic Molluscs Echinoderms and Sponges in the Central Arctic Ocean". Micropaleontology. 24 (4): 422–431. doi:10.2307/1485371. JSTOR 1485371.

[5] Thomas Heinzeller; James H. Nebelsick (8 December 2005). Echinoderms: Munchen: Proceedings of the 11th International Echinoderm Conference, 6-10 October 2003, Munich, Germany. Taylor & Francis. pp. 221–222. ISBN 978-1-134-21879-0.