Emily Klein

Emily M. Klein is a Professor of Geology and Geochemistry at Duke University. She studies volcanic eruptions and the process of oceanic crust creation. She has spent over thirty years investigating the geology of mid-ocean ridges, and identified the importance of the physical conditions of mantle melting on the chemical composition of basalt.

Emily M. Klein
Alma materColumbia University
Barnard College
AwardsF.W. Clarke Medal (1992)
Scientific career
InstitutionsDuke University
ThesisGeochemistry of ocean ridge basalts : mantle processes revealed by major element, trace element and isotopic variations (1989)

Early life and education

Klein was interested in medicine as a child. Her father was a doctor, and she spent a lot of her childhood in his office.[1] Klein studied English at Barnard College. She completed her undergraduate degree in 1979, and became a science writer. She was appointed a technician at the Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, where she was involved with a research project studying Puerto Rican monkey colonies.[1] She became interested in geology, and earned tuition credits to study courses at Columbia University.[1] Klein earned her master's degree in geology at Columbia University, where she remained for her doctoral studies. She investigated the chemical composition of the volcanic rocks collected from mid-ocean ridges around the world.[2] She was awarded the Bruce C. Heezen Memorial Prize for her doctoral thesis in 1987.[3] She worked with Charles Langmuir on mid-ocean ridge basalts.[4] Langmuir and Klein demonstrated that the chemical composition of basalt correlates with the physical environment the basalt is recovered from; including the depth and thickness of the oceanic crust.[4] This work marked a paradigm shift in the understanding of petrogenesis.[4][5][6]

Research and career

Klein joined Duke University as an Assistant Professor in 1989.[3] She was made Professor in 2005.[3] Klein studies the movement of magma in the oceanic crust.[7][8] She is interested in mid-ocean ridge, a globe encircling belt of volcanoes including the mid-Atlantic ridge.[9] Klein has been on over eleven oceanographic cruises, investigating Incipient Ridge, Hess Deep and Pito Deep Rift.[9] She uses remotely operated underwater vehicles to map the deep ocean, and directs submersible vessels to collect rock samples.[7] She puts these rocks in a furnace, then analyses the chemical composition of the rocks using spectrometers.[2] She is mainly interested in silica, iron, magnesium and aluminium, but also analyses trace elements such as copper, vanadium and uranium.[2] On a cruise of the RV Atlantis, Klein discovered new deep sea hydrothermal vents in the Pacific Ocean.[10] The vents, which Klein named the medusa hydrothermal vents, emit hot springs of iron-darkened water.[10] In 2018 Klein took part in the RV Sally Ride (AGOR-28) investigation of the Cocos-Nazca spreading system.[11]

From 2004 to 2012, Klein served as Director of the Baldwin Scholars' Program at Duke University, which provides leadership opportunities for women students.[2] Klein was appointed Chair of Earth & Ocean Sciences at the Nicholas School in 2017.[12]

Awards and honours

The parents of one of Klein's undergraduate students donated $100,000 to create an Emily M. Klein endowment fund.[2]

References

  1. Ellins, Katherine (2002). "Women Exploring the Oceans". Eos Transactions. 83 (10): 109. Bibcode:2002EOSTr..83..109E. doi:10.1029/2002EO000067. Retrieved 2019-05-26.
  2. "Emily Klein Brings Light to the Dark Reaches of the Volcanic Ocean Seabed – Duke Environment Magazine". Retrieved 2019-05-26.
  3. "Bruce C. Heezen Memorial Prize - Established 1979 | Earth and Environmental Sciences". eesc.columbia.edu. Retrieved 2019-05-26.
  4. "Langmuir Receives 1996 Bowen Award". Honors Program. Retrieved 2019-05-26.
  5. Klein, Emily M.; Langmuir, Charles H. (1987). "Global correlations of ocean ridge basalt chemistry with axial depth and crustal thickness". Journal of Geophysical Research. 92 (B8): 8089. Bibcode:1987JGR....92.8089K. doi:10.1029/jb092ib08p08089. hdl:10161/8314. ISSN 0148-0227.
  6. Langmuir, Charles H.; Klein, Emily M.; Plank, Terry (2013), "Petrological Systematics of Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalts: Constraints on Melt Generation Beneath Ocean Ridges", Mantle Flow and Melt Generation at Mid-Ocean Ridges, American Geophysical Union (AGU), pp. 183–280, doi:10.1029/gm071p0183, hdl:10161/8316, ISBN 9781118663875
  7. Ellins, Katherine (2002). "Women Exploring the Oceans". Eos Transactions. 83 (10): 109. Bibcode:2002EOSTr..83..109E. doi:10.1029/2002EO000067. Retrieved 2019-05-26.
  8. Holland, Heinrich D.; Rudnick, R. L.; Turekian, Karl K. (2005). The Crust. Elsevier. ISBN 9780080448473.
  9. Doherty, Lamont (2013-04-24), Volcanoes and Vents: A Hidden World Beneath the Sea, retrieved 2019-05-26
  10. "New Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vents, Life Form Discovered". www.nsf.gov. Retrieved 2019-05-26.
  11. "Expedition to the Cocos-Nazca Spreading Center". Expedition to the Cocos-Nazca Spreading Center. Retrieved 2019-05-26.
  12. "Earth & Ocean Sciences (EOS) Division | Nicholas School of the Environment". nicholas.duke.edu. Retrieved 2019-05-26.
  13. "F.W. Clarke Award | Geochemical Society". www.geochemsoc.org. Retrieved 2019-05-26.
  14. "F. Earl Ingerson Lecture | Geochemical Society". www.geochemsoc.org. Retrieved 2019-05-26.
  15. "Klein Recognized with Endowment in Her Honor | Nicholas School of the Environment". nicholas.duke.edu. Retrieved 2019-05-26.
  16. "Emily Klein to Serve as Chair of Earth and Ocean Sciences | Nicholas School of the Environment". nicholas.duke.edu. Retrieved 2019-05-26.
  17. "Emily Klein Honored with University Distinguished Service Professorship". Nicholas School of the Environment. Retrieved 2020-11-21.
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