Estoril

From Old Portuguese estorga (Heather) - a common plant in the area – with the final meaning of "place where heather grows or is abundant". Alternatively, from Old Portuguese astor ( Northern goshawk ), meaning a place where such birds live. [11]

The Grande Casino Internacional Monte Estoril as seen in a 1920s postcard

A Horasis Global Meeting reception at the Hotel Palácio; 2016.

The territory of Estoril has been inhabited for centuries, owing to its climatic conditions and favourable environment.[12] Throughout the civil parish there are scattered remains of these early communities — Phoenicians, Romans and Arabs selected this area for its strategic place in Western Europe.[12] There are remains of Roman villas in the parish that push back the history of the region to the first millennium, when the settlements of the coast were dependent on the fishing ports. From these settlements, Estoril inherited a rich cultural heritage, architecture, toponymy, habits and customs.[12]

In 1147, during the Reconquista, the region was brought under Christian control.[12]

Owing to its strategic place, the region was intimately linked to the Portuguese Age of Discovery and all the dynamic social and cultural upheavals that it originated.[12]

Its solid fortifications are a testament to the innumerable attacks by Spanish, French and English pirates and privateers. The many forts that dot the coastline are symbols of the resistance and battles that secured Portuguese independence and national interests.[12]

At the end of the monarchy, it was in the waters of Estoril that many sought refuge and escape. Aristocrats, nobles and others escaped through the ports along the Estoril coast to flee from the Republican forces.[12]

In the hilltop enclave of Monte Estoril (situated between Estoril and Cascais), is the Verdades-Faria Museum, built in 1917 by Jorge O'Neil.[12] In 1942, the building was bought by Mantero Belard and dedicated to the support of the arts and artists. Following his death, the building was donated to Cascais Council under the name of Verdades Faria and now houses the regional Museum of Portuguese Music.

During the Second World War, the region was a centre of spies and diplomatic secrecy, situations that provided the region with a cosmopolitan atmosphere and sophistication.[12] Due to the vision of Fausto Cardoso de Figueiredo and his business partner Augusto Carreira de Sousa, it became an international tourist destination both during and after the Second World War.[12]

During that time, several dignitaries and exiles came to Estoril: Miklós Horthy, the regent of Hungary (lived and died in exile after the Second World War); the Infante Juan, Count of Barcelona (father of Juan Carlos I of Spain) and the King resided in the territory, as did Umberto II of Italy and Carol II of Romania.[12] Former King Edward VIII the Duke of Windsor, briefly resided in an Estoril villa as more direct and reliably safe routes to London from France for his escape from France were cut off by Blitzkrieg during the invasion.

It was also in this location that former Portuguese dictator António de Oliveira Salazar had a summer house. It was Salazar who ordered the construction of the E.N.6 motorway, more commonly referred to as the Avenida Marginal, in order for him to quickly travel by car between Cascais and Lisbon (until then the accessway was nothing more than a dirt road, where traffic could only circulate at low speed and make frequent stops).[12] The roadway permitted the dictator to travel rapidly, and with fewer stops, it wasn't possible for him to be recognized easily in transit.[12]

The engineer John Tojeiro was born in Estoril.

The coast of the civil parish of Cascais and Estoril, showing a mix of modern and historical architecture, as well as local fishing tradition

The Estoril Massif and geomorphology of the interior regions of the parish

The Estoril coast is relatively close to Lisbon, the Portuguese capital; it extends from Carcavelos, 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) from the capital, and stretches as far as the beach of Guincho (sometimes referred colloquially as the Costa de Estoril-Sintra or Costa de Lisboa). Estoril includes several smaller boroughs and localities along the coastline, namely (from east to west): São Pedro do Estoril, São João do Estoril, Santo António do Estoril (or simply Estoril) and Monte Estoril, as well as other to the interior.

Estoril is popularly recognized for the Casino Estoril, widely regarded as Europe's largest casino.[12]

The Museum of Portuguese Music- Casa Verdades de Faria hosts an important collection of musical instruments related to popular music, assembled by Michel Giacometti.

Christine McVie, from the band Fleetwood Mac, wrote a song called "Nights in Estoril" for their album Time.

Serbian-Portuguese author Dejan Tiago Stankovic published Estoril, a war novel[13] in 2016, about Estoril during World War II.

The major local sports club is the Grupo Desportivo Estoril Praia.

Motorsport events are frequent at the Estoril Circuit, although Formula One is no longer on the circuit's calendar. This was due to the circuit not coming up to FIA safety standards, leading to the 1997 event being cancelled. Following a review on safety, Estoril was reshaped in 1999, the first two corners being affected the most. Today's circuit is 4.183 km (2.599 mi) in length and is run in a clockwise fashion. The circuit currently hosts international motorcycling events (MotoGP), among other lower formula events.

Estoril Open is a tennis tournament within the ATP World Tour.

The community hosts a kindergarten and elementary school campus of the German School of Lisbon.[14]