Ferdinand N. Kahler

Ferdinand Nickolas 'Ferd' Kahler, Sr. (November 20, 1864 – November 14, 1927) was an American inventor, entrepreneur and automobile pioneer who founded The Kahler Co. in New Albany, Indiana.

Ferdinand N. "Ferd" Kahler, Sr.
Born
Ferdinand Kahler

(1864-11-20)November 20, 1864
Hermsdorf, Bohemia, Austrian Empire
DiedNovember 14, 1927(1927-11-14) (aged 62)
New Albany, Indiana, United States
OccupationInventor, Entrepreneur

He was a manufacturer of wood and lumber products, founded two early American automobile companies and was granted patents by the United States Patent and Trademark Office for his inventions.

Biography

Kahler was born to a Sudeten-German family on November 20, 1864 at Hermsdorf 241, Bohemia, Austrian Empire (now Heřmánkovice, Česko). He was baptized Catholic the next day.[1] At the age of 17, he immigrated to New York City on the passenger ship Elbe,[2] traveled to Reading, Pennsylvania in 1881, visited Louisville, Kentucky and moved to nearby New Albany, Indiana in 1884.

Exterior photo of Ferdinand N. Kahler home built in the Airplane Bungalow style on Cedar Bough Place, a private street in New Albany, Indiana.

Kahler built the last home constructed on Cedar Bough Place, after purchasing the two lots in 1901.[3] The home was built by 1905[4] in the Airplane Bungalow style of American Craftsman architecture. In 2011, the Kahler home earned a New Albany Historic Preservation Commission "Facelift Award" for "outstanding restoration and rehabilitation."

Exterior photo of the Kahler family vault, located in Fairview Cemetery, New Albany, Indiana.

Kahler was naturalized a U.S. citizen on June 23, 1921.[5] Kahler died November 14, 1927, was buried in the City Vault on November 17 and later reinterred in the Kahler family vault in New Albany's Fairview Cemetery on April 23, 1929.[6] The Kahler family vault was built by the Peter & Burghard Stone Company of Louisville, Kentucky.[7]

Early woodworking career

Kahler began his career as a bench carpenter, building railcars, streetcars, double-deck cars and their interiors at the American Car and Foundry Co. in nearby Jeffersonville, Indiana.[8] Originally the Ohio Falls Car Manufacturing Co., this plant was responsible for most of American Car and Foundry Co.'s considerable interurban car production.

In January 1903, Kahler was one of three founders of the New Albany Table Manufacturing Company, incorporated with a $20,000 capital investment.[9][10] In 1904, Kahler was listed as Manager and Bookkeeper of the Henry Klerner Furniture Co. in the New Albany City Directory.[11] By 1905, he was conducting business as "Ferdinand Kahler & Son", advertising "Woodworking Specialties".

He founded The Kahler Co. in New Albany, Indiana in August, 1907, incorporating with a $5,000 (equivalent to $137,196 in 2019) capitalization. The Articles of Incorporation mention "manufacturing table tops and for doing interior work in residences and offices".[12] The company also manufactured custom wooden case goods, ice boxes, folding tables and other products. Early advertising mentions "store fixtures, saloon fixtures, special furniture and anything in the wood line that has to be made to order."[13]

In 1908, Kahler personally oversaw the installation of laboratory furniture The Kahler Co. manufactured in its New Albany plant for use in the Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Omaha, Nebraska and Nashville, Tennessee USDA Bureau of Chemistry food purity testing laboratories. The contracts were awarded several months earlier.[14][15]

Kahler's success allowed him to build a new factory in New Albany in 1910 on Grant Line Road. It had its own power plant to generate electricity. The plant featured highly efficient direct-geared electric motors at each work station instead of the then-common belt-driven tools powered by overhead shafts. The Kahler Co. plant had its own dry kiln and a long rail siding, allowing both inbound and outbound freight to be handled under cover.[8] The siding was connected to a rail line that carried freight for four railroad companies, allowing Kahler great flexibility in shipping.[16] One reason the factory was considered "one of the model wood working plants in the city" was due to its "concrete construction".[17]

In 1915, it was reported Kahler had broken ground at the factory on an addition to double its capacity.[18]

In 1919, Kahler procured a building permit allowing a $5,000 addition (equivalent to $99,779 in 2019) to the Grant Line Road factory.[19]

Automobile pioneer

Kahler's entry in automobile manufacturing started in 1908 with The Kahler Co. providing the wooden frames and wooden body components for many automobile companies.[20] The company successfully filled an early order for 6,000 automobile bodies earning Kahler credibility within the automobile industry.[21]

The Kahler Co. classified newspaper advertisement - The Courier Journal, Louisville, Kentucky, February 11, 1912
The Kahler Co. Inc. Auto Body Advertisement, The Carriage Monthly, March, 1912

In 1909 it was reported "The Kahler Co. at Pearl and Oak streets, New Albany, will be operated at its fullest capacity for the next eighteen months, having received a contract from an Eastern automobile factory for a large number of automobile beds." The article claimed thirty men were working 13 hour days to fill the order.[22]

Kahler won a contract from the Clark Motor Car Company of Shelbyville, Indiana in 1909 to build 125 "small car bodies at $ 42 each" and "150 large car bodies at $ 44 each." After delivering the small car bodies, Kahler sent a representative to take measurements for the larger bodies. After a few of the larger bodies had been finished and delivered, the Clark company rejected them and denied that a contract had been negotiated. Kahler became another plaintiff against the company, suing in December, 1911 for $6,600 in damages.[23] The case was dismissed in September, 1912.[24]

In 1911, the Kahler Co. won a contract to build the frames and other wood components of the American Automobile Manufacturing Company automobile being assembled in New Albany, Indiana. Founded in Kansas CIty, Missouri in 1908, the American Automobile Manufacturing Company acquired the Jonz Automobile Company of Beatrice, Nebraska. By August, 1910, the company had moved its offices to Louisville, Kentucky,[25] and its production across the Ohio River in Indiana, setting up its manufacturing equipment in the idle New Albany Woolen Mills factory.[26] The factory buildings were two and three stories in height, located on a six-acre tract on Vincennes Street in New Albany. The factory was reported in 1914 to be "one of the very largest factories in the state of Indiana... and is equipped with machinery, tools, raw materials, parts and accessories for the manufacture of motor cars."[27]

Promising huge potential profits, the company sold $900,000 (equivalent to $24,695,357 in 2019) worth of stock.[28] and produced a limited number of cars which were marketed as "The Jonz (automobile)," named after the patented "Jonz 'Tranquil Motor'" developed by the three Jones brothers in Kansas. The American Automobile Manufacturing Company built the two-stroke engine American from 1911 to 1912 in New Albany. The American Automobile Manufacturing Company was reincorporated as The American Automobile Corp. in Arizona on March 13, 1912 with a capitalization of $500,000.[29]

In September, 1912, the company heard a proposal to merge with the Advance Power Company, a Chicago, Illinois manufacturer of automobile motors and transmission gears.[30] The plans for the merger included changing the company name to "The Advance Motor Car Company" and the production of a 1,000 pound truck with a double-friction drive that was to sell for $ 400.00.[31] The stockholders voted to leave the decision up to the board of directors.[32]

The company was instead reorganized the third time under the name "New Albany Automobile Corporation."[33] That corporation went bankrupt, and Kahler purchased its assets.[34]

Newspaper ad for Ohio Falls Motor Company, New Albany, Indiana, published in the Louisville Courier-Journal.

In December, 1912, he reorganized the company with a capitalization of $450,000 (equivalent to $11,921,897 in 2019), changing the name to Ohio Falls Motor Company, largely to protect the assets of his woodworking business.[35][36]

In June, 1913, the company owed The Kahler Co. $3,102. Kahler petitioned the Floyd County Circuit Court to appoint a receiver while allowing the company to continue production during receivership.[37] A month later the Ohio Falls Motor Company was dissolved and reincorporated by Kahler and three other local businessmen as the Falls City Motor Company. The new corporation was capitalized at $ 50,000.[38][39][40]

Kahler purchased the company in November, 1913, paying $1,500 in cash and assuming $25,000 (equivalent to $685,520 in 2019) in outstanding liens against the company.[41] Kahler served as president of the new automobile company as well as president of The Kahler Co.[42]

The Falls City Motor Company turned out two lines of hand-assembled "medium-priced gasoline runabout(s)",[43] the Ohio Falls (1913–1914) and the Pilgrim (1913–1914), which retailed for $1,800. Total production of the Pilgrim was about 20 completed cars. The Pilgrim retained the unique hexagonal bonnet (hood) and radiator design from the Jonz automobile.

In 1914, the company was declared bankrupt. Kahler, named the receiver of the bankrupt automobile company, closed it and sold the plant for $50,000 (equivalent to $1,276,246 in 2019) to the Crown Motor Car Company (later renamed the Hercules Motor Car Company) headquartered in Louisville.[44] The sale was not without controversy. Two lawsuits were filed, alleging the sale of the plant was "'irregular' because the sale was made without the knowledge or consent of other creditors or stockholders, and the property was sold at $ 11,000 less than fair cash value."[45]

On March 29, 1914, Kahler offered for sale "at less than half of the original cost" the four remaining new Pilgrim "5-passenger touring cars with 44 h.p. Continental engines" and a new "1 1/2 ton panel truck with a 32 h.p. engine". Two new engines with transmissions were offered for sale as well.[46] Kahler also sold the remaining wooden chassis frame material on hand to the Kentucky Wagon Manufacturing Company of Louisville.[47]

The Kahler Co. Inc. letterhead, The Courier Journal, April 22, 1917

The Kahler Co. also produced automobile components to order. In 1913, Kahler was the largest of seven Indiana based claimants against the Maxwell-Briscoe Motor Co. asking a Federal Court in Indianapolis to judge the company bankrupt so the claimants could be paid by a court-appointed receiver.[48][49]

A 1915 Chilton Automobile Directory lists The Kahler Co. as a component manufacturer in multiple categories, including "Dashes - wood, metal bound, veneered and solid, in the white (unfinished) and finished."[50]

In 1922, it was reported the Kahler Co. had been awarded a contract to produce car bodies for the Durant Star automobile.[51]

Supplier to Ford

In 1915, Kahler used his experience gained from manufacturing and assembling automobiles to become one of eight prime wooden component suppliers to the Ford Motor Company of Detroit, Michigan.[52] The Kahler Co. provided Ford with wooden Model T car frames, floor boards, battery boxes and other components.[53] A serial number preceded by the lhe letters "KA" stamped on a Ford Model T's firewall or front frame member indicates the frame assembly was manufactured at The Kahler Co.'s New Albany factory. Regardless of the manufacturer, all Model T bodies were interchangeable, however the individual parts in a body would not necessarily fit a similar-looking body if it was made by a different manufacturer.[54]

It was reported in 1917 that Kahler's contract to produce 200 car bodies a day for Ford was "reputed to be the largest manufacturing order ever received by a New Albany concern". Over $7,500 was reported to have been spent on new manufacturing equipment to meet the new contract's production.[55]

In April 1920, the US rail system suffered a number of strikes. The resulting rail embargo forced the Kahler Co. to temporarily halt production due to the inability to receive raw materials and make shipments to Ford in Detroit. Kahler's 185 employees were furloughed.[56] On March 30, 1921, Kahler announced his automobile body factory would "resume operations in full force,"[57] with an order from the Ford Motor Company for 280 automobile bodies per day.[58]

By 1921, The Kahler Co. was exclusively manufacturing wooden "open body" (without doors) automobile frames and components for the Ford Motor Company, and had an annual production capacity of 93,000 car frames, many shipped directly from the New Albany factory to the Louisville, Kentucky Ford Assembly Plant (then located at Third Street and Eastern Parkway) for use in Model T production.[59]

Factory destroyed and rebuilt
A postcard image showing the aftermath of 1917 tornado damage to The Kahler Co., New Albany, Indiana

Kahler's factory, located on the corner of Grant Line Road and Vincennes Street in New Albany was destroyed by a tornado on the afternoon of March 23, 1917. The Kahler Co. buildings were reduced to a mass of twisted wreckage and left almost level with the street. Six employees were killed and 15 were injured.[60] Major D. C. Payton, superintendent of the Indiana Reformatory in Jeffersonville, Indiana offered to transport 100 inmates from the jail to the Kahler Co. factory "to clear away the debris in one day."[61]

Hearing the factory had been destroyed, Michigan cities petitioned Kahler to relocate near Detroit. Kahler decided to remain in New Albany. Hearing he had decided not to relocate, New Albany bankers offered him "on his own terms, all the money he wanted to put him (Kahler) back in business again." His employees were said to have volunteered to work for less pay "until he got on his feet again."[62] Construction started in May 1917 on a new, spacious manufacturing plant just north of the Monon Railroad "Y".[63] By July, the plant reconstruction was said to be "nearing completion."[64]

The new plant had 100,000 square feet of floor space, employed as many as three hundred men, and used lumber brought in from Kentucky and Tennessee in amounts up to a million board feet per month.[65] In 1918, Kahler moved to Bay City, Michigan, and for a short time took "active charge of a woodworking plant … manufacturing airplane parts which are shipped to other points for assembling."[66] He had returned by July, 1918, saying he had "organized the working force of an extensive manufacturing concern."[64] In 1918, Kahler secured a US government contract to build 100,000 tables, Reports claimed the order would "keep his factory busy for six months".[67] In July 1919, Kahler received a permit to build a substantial addition to the factory.[68]

In 1922, Kahler closed a series of real estate deals in New Albany, giving him title to all property that fronted Vincennes Street from Grant Line Road to the northern side of the Monon Railroad line. He said the property was acquired to be "probably used as a location for future dry-kilns."[69]

In 1927, a Kahler Company employee making wood parts for the new cars of the Ford Motor Company and General Motors made less than $600 (equivalent to $8,831 in 2019) as an annual salary. In 1930, the same employee earned $ 10.50 per day ($2,730 yearly) (equivalent to $41,782 in 2019) as a Sawyer on a swing saw.[70]

Entrepreneur

Banking

In May 1902, Kahler was one of the original investors in the Union Savings Association (later the Union Federal Savings and Loan Association), a bank based in New Albany, Indiana. Its initial capital stock was said to be $200,000. Kahler was also a member of the bank's original board of directors.[71][72]

In June 1915, Kahler was elected a director of the newly formed German-American Bank & Trust Company in New Albany, Indiana. Kahler was one of the 75 original stockholders of the bank. The initial capitalization of the bank was $200,000.[73]

Business

In March 1904, Kahler was a founding member and appointed a director of the Employer’s and Business Men’s Association of New Albany. The stated goals of the association were “to promote stability of business, the employment of labor, whether organized or unorganized, by encouraging friendly relation between employers and employees…” The incorporators of the association were reported to be “well-known business men of New Albany, and are composed of coal dealers, foundrymen, transfer agents, tanners, stove molders, lumber dealers, merchant tailors and liverymen.”[74]

Early Automobile Entrepreneur

In July, 1912, Ferdinand N. Kahler placed this newspaper advertisement stating the public could visit The Kahler Co. factory and see three Maxwell automobile models that were touring the nation as part of that manufacturer's "Indiana Four State Tour".[75]

In September 1916, Kahler was one of three investors who organized the Broadway Motor Sales Company in Louisville, Kentucky for a $3,000 investment "to deal in automobiles, motor trucks, buggies and vehicles generally."[76] It was Louisville's first Chevrolet automobile dealership, selling 124 cars during its first year. Kahler was president of the company.[77] Annual sales at the dealership exceeded $1,000,000 by 1925 (equivalent to $14,578,748 in 2019).[78] In 1928, the business was located at the intersection of Brook and Broadway streets in Louisville. A photograph of the storefront may be viewed by accessing the Caufield & Shook Collection at the University of Louisville (Kentucky) Photographic Archives website.

In September 1920 Kahler incorporated the Liberty Garage and Motor Company with two investors. The company, located on Pearl Street in New Albany was to sell "automobile trucks and tractors."[79] The garage was granted a permit to install two gasoline tanks and pumps in 1926.[80]

In 1922, Kahler also incorporated The Auto Acceptance Corporation in Louisville, Kentucky.[81]

In 1922, Kahler also was a partner in the Haury Motor Company, initially acting as its president. He owned the land located at 741 S. 3rd Street in Louisville, Kentucky. He personally constructed the building for the Haury Motor Company under a ten-year lease. The firm sold the Durant, the Scripps-Booth and the Star lines of automobiles.[82][83] The "$ 60,000 automobile sales building" was designed by the Louisville architectural firm Joseph & Joseph.[84] The original lease was intended to last from 1922 to 1932, but it clearly fell quite short. The Kahler family continued as owner of the land and building until Kahler's son Ferdinand Jr's death in 1959. After his son's death his estate transferred the building and land to a new dealership in 1960.[85]

The Haury Motor Company was the first automobile business on Kahler's 3rd Street property, but the building continued as an automobile dealership long after Haury Motor Company dissolved. Though the building was only two years old in 1924, it was Haury Motor Company’s last year in business. In 1925 the Louisville-Flint Company, managed by R.J. Haury, was listed in the building and no mention was made of Haury Motor Company. That firm sold the Flint. By 1928 the building was occupied by Fidelity Motor Co., which only lasted through 1929. In 1930 the Reo-Spalding Company took over the space, selling DeSoto and Plymouth.[86] The company existed at this location in some form until 1941. L.J. Hannah, another local auto dealer, took the space for a single year in 1949, but generally the space was scarcely used until 1960, when Byers Realty, Inc. bought the land from the Kahler family. By 1966 Derby Chrysler-Plymouth was the operating agency, which lasted until 1972, when Don Corlett Porsche Audi, Inc. moved in. Corlett moved out in 1979 and that was the last time the building served as an automobile dealership.[85]

Early Florida movie theaters

Kahler was a winter resident of West Palm Beach, Florida. In 1927, he founded "West Palm Beach Enterprises, Inc." ultimately building a group of 14 movie theaters in the Palm Beach area. The first was "The Arcade", designed by architect Roy A. Benjamin.[87] The Arcade opened in October 1927, at 325 Clematis Street,[88] then "the only first-run Independent theater" in West Palm Beach. The theatre featured 900 Heywood-Wakefield theatre seats said to have "…comfortable springs, at a cost of $12 each." The Arcade also featured a Mighty Wurlitzer organ and one of the first Vitaphone movie sound systems in Florida.

During an elaborate opening ceremony, E. J. Sparks, president of Sparks Enterprises, the company who first managed the West Palm Beach Enterprises theaters said of Kahler "The building of this theatre Is a tribute to Mr. Kahler's unswerving belief in the future of West Palm Beach and Palm Beach. It lakes a man with vision to build when business is dull. He (Kahler) believes absolutely in this community and this theatre stands as a monument to that belief."[89]

In 1933, Kahler's son, Ferdinand N. Kahler, Jr. filed a bankruptcy proceeding against the Stanley Company, the lessors of Kahler's theatre group, claiming he was owed $1,749.99 for back rental, on a basis of a $14,000 annual rental fee. Kahler's actions forced the theaters to close.[90]

Plant Ice and Chilled Storage
An image of the trade sign for National Ice & Products Co. office in New Albany, Indiana, circa 1921.

In 1921, Kahler was one of five investors who organized the National Ice and Products Co. in New Albany, Indiana for a $60,000 investment. The company was formed by purchasing the equipment and facilities of the Arctic Ice and Cold Storage company, founded by Louisville businessman Charles W. Inman, after his company passed through receivership and was sold at auction.[91] The plant was located at 322 East 15th Street in New Albany.[92]

The company sold manufactured ice, coal and animal feed, with a focus on poultry feed. A 1922 advertisement offered "cotton seed meal, scratch feed, egg mash and cracked corn".[93] The company also offered cold storage facilities for "seed potatoes, eggs, etc.".[94]

Vending Machines

In September 1914, Kahler capitalized The Electric Machine Company in New Albany, Indiana with a $6,000 investment. Its principal business was the manufacture and sales of electric vending machines.[95]

Production of electrically heated popcorn machines commenced in the kitchen cabinet factory building adjacent to The Kahler Co.'s main factory. By January, 1915, it was reported "contracts have already been made for the distribution of 560 of the machines. Two kinds are made, one a counter machine and the other a vending machine, the latter being a nickel in the slot device."[96]

In January 1915, Kahler capitalized The Electric Popcorn Machine Company in Indianapolis, Indiana with a $100,000 (equivalent to $2,527,303 in 2019) investment. The business proposed leasing popcorn machines to theaters instead of offering them for outright purchase which Kahler believed "would result in a larger business than if the sales were made outright."[97]

Civic Activities

In April, 1915, Kahler petitioned the New Albany City Council for the right to "exclusively operate jitney cars within city limits". Kahler offered a $1,000 per year fee for such exclusive rights, with the right to renew the contract for five years.[98]

In April, 1916, Kahler, acting in his capacity as Secretary of the German-American Realty Company, solicited bids for the construction of its new six-story building in New Albany. Designed by Louisville, Kentucky architects Joseph & Joseph, the building was to be "of steel frame, reinforced concrete, fireproof construction".[99] The building featured its own "isolated electric plant" at a cost of $15,000, including a Fairbanks-Morse 75 horsepower semi-diesel oil motor driven 50 kilowatt, three-phase generator for electricity as well as two twenty-five horsepower oil engines that generated 40 kilowatts for 220-volt lighting.[100] During the construction, plasterers set Macalite hollow tiles, causing bricklayers to walk off of the job. The day after the walkout, the contractor, the Alfred Struck Company of Louisville conceded the point and the bricklayers returned to the job site.[101]

In August, 1921, Indiana Governor Warren T. McGray appointed Kahler one of three members of a state commission to supervise the construction of monuments at the unmarked graves of former Indiana Governor Ashabel P. Willard (died in office, 1860) and former Speaker of the House Michael C. Kerr (US Congress, 1865 - 1876), both buried in Fairview Cemetery in New Albany, Indiana. The Indiana Legislature had appropriated $1,000 on March 2, 1921 for the erection of the monuments.[102]

Inventions

Kahler was granted a number of US utility patents for his inventions, among them: US 559,713 "Machine for Cutting Noodles" May 5, 1896;[103] US 635,401 "Extension Platform (for railway cars)" August 29, 1899;[104] US 656,379 "Brake" August 21, 1900.[105]

References
  1. "Czech Republic, Náchod, Heřmánkovice, Heřmánkovice, church records Baptisms (Krty), 38-7, 1850-1866". FamilySearch. 1864.
  2. "New York, Passenger Lists, 1820-1957". Ancestry.com. Retrieved November 19, 2017.
  3. "New Albany". The Courier Journal. Louisville, Kentucky. May 18, 1901.
  4. Caron's Directory of the City of New Albany for 1905 - 1906. New Albany, Indiana: Caron Directory Co.
  5. "Eighteen Aliens are Naturalized". New Albany Daily Ledger. Louisville, Kentucky. June 23, 1921.
  6. The Indiana Southern Counties Collection, Fairview Cemetery Volume VII, January 1, 1920 to December 31, 1929, New Albany, Floyd County. New Albany, Indiana: Southern Indiana Genealogical Society.
  7. "Plan Kahler Mausoleum". The New Albany Weekly Ledger. New Albany, Indiana. December 2, 1927.
  8. Motor Body, Paint and Trim, Volume 47, March 1912. Retrieved January 11, 2013.
  9. "New Albany". The Louisville Courier Journal. Louisville, Kentucky. December 14, 1902. Retrieved February 11, 2018.
  10. "New Indiana Incorporations". The Indianapolis Journal. Indianapolis, Indiana. January 20, 1903. Retrieved November 6, 2017.
  11. New Albany City Directory, 1903-1904. Retrieved January 23, 2017.
  12. "Items of Interest in New Albany". The Louisville Courier Journal. Louisville, Kentucky. August 30, 1907. Retrieved May 14, 2017.
  13. Wood Craft: A Journal of Woodworking Volumes 8-9 November 1907. Retrieved April 24, 2012.
  14. "Items of Interest from New Albany". The Courier Journal. Louisville, Kentucky. August 21, 1908. Retrieved May 14, 2017.
  15. "Items of Interest from New Albany". The Courier Journal. Louisville, Kentucky. September 15, 1908. Retrieved May 21, 2017.
  16. The Horseless Age: The Automobile Trade Magazine, Volume 24, September 1909. Retrieved April 19, 2015.
  17. "Behind in its orders". New Albany Tribune. New Albany, Indiana. February 25, 1915. Retrieved December 28, 2018.
  18. "Untitled". New Albany Weekly Tribune. New Albany, Indiana. October 15, 1915. Retrieved December 28, 2018.
  19. "Items of Interest from New Albany". The Courier-Journal. Louisville, Kentucky. July 25, 1919. Retrieved November 20, 2019.
  20. Motor Body, Paint and Trim, Volume 47. Retrieved January 11, 2013.
  21. The Carriage Monthly, May 1912. Retrieved May 25, 2017.
  22. "Running Full Capacity". The Courier Journal. Louisville, Kentucky. August 13, 1909. Retrieved November 12, 2017.
  23. "Another Damage Suit Against Co". The Shelbyville Republican. Shelbyville, Indiana. December 6, 1911. Retrieved July 11, 2018.
  24. "Kahler Case Dismissed". The Shelbyville Republican. Shelbyville, Indiana. September 2, 1912. Retrieved July 11, 2018.
  25. "Local and General News". The Boonville Inquirer. Boonville, Indiana. August 25, 1910. Retrieved November 20, 2019.
  26. Cars: 1895–1965. Retrieved April 24, 2012.
  27. Automobile topics, Volume 34. Retrieved April 28, 2012.
  28. Automotive Industries, Volume 29. Retrieved April 19, 2015.
  29. Poor's Manual of Industrials; Manufacturing, Mining and Miscellaneous Companies. Retrieved April 19, 2015.
  30. The Automobile Trade Directory, Volume 11, Issue 1. Retrieved September 25, 2017.
  31. Automotive Industries, Volume 27. Retrieved September 25, 2017.
  32. "May Merge". The Courier Journal. Louisville, Kentucky. September 5, 1912. Retrieved September 24, 2017.
  33. "Receiver's Sale". The Courier Journal. Louisville, Kentucky. July 8, 1913. Retrieved September 24, 2017.
  34. Automotive Industries, Volume 26. Retrieved January 10, 2013.
  35. Horseless Age: The Automobile Trade Magazine, Volume 31. Retrieved January 22, 2017.
  36. Automobile Topics, Volume 28. Retrieved January 10, 2013.
  37. "Name Receiver". The Courier Journal. Louisville, Kentucky. June 18, 1913. Retrieved May 14, 2017.
  38. "Motor Firm Incorporates". The Courier-Journal. Louisville, Kentucky. July 13, 1913. Retrieved November 19, 2019.
  39. Motor Age, Volume 24. Retrieved May 3, 2012.
  40. "Incorporations". The Indianapolis Star. Indianapolis, Indiana. July 11, 1913. Retrieved March 9, 2012.
  41. "Items of Interest from New Albany". The Courier Journal. Louisville, Kentucky. November 30, 1913. Retrieved May 15, 2017.
  42. Automotive industries, Volume 31. Retrieved April 24, 2012.
  43. The Horseless age. Retrieved April 17, 2015.
  44. Motor Age, Volume 25. Retrieved April 27, 2012.
  45. "Sue to Enjoin Factory Sale". The Courier Journal. Louisville, Kentucky. March 17, 1914. Retrieved February 11, 2018.
  46. "For Sale - Automobiles". The Courier Journal. Louisville, Kentucky. March 29, 1914. Retrieved November 12, 2017.
  47. Horseless Age: The Automobile Trade magazine, Vol. 32. Retrieved April 24, 2012.
  48. Horseless Age: The Automobile Trade Magazine, Volume 31. Retrieved April 20, 2015.
  49. The Motor World, Volume 34. Retrieved April 18, 2015.
  50. Chilton Automobile Directory, October 1915. Retrieved April 28, 2012.
  51. The Southern Lumberman, September 23, 1922. Retrieved April 17, 2015.
  52. "1903 Hays, Austin Depot, Pioneer Town Museum - Cedaredge, CO - Permanent Car Displays on Waymarking.com". Retrieved 23 January 2017.
  53. The Southern Lumberman, Vol. 197. Retrieved April 24, 2012.
  54. "Coachbuilt - C.R. Wilson Body Co". Retrieved April 28, 2012.
  55. "Big Thing for New Albany". The Salem Democrat. Salem, Indiana. January 10, 1917. Retrieved July 12, 2018.
  56. "New Albany Factory Forced to Suspend By Rail Strike". The Courier Journal. Louisville, Kentucky. April 17, 1920. Retrieved May 15, 2017.
  57. "Kahler Company to Open Plant". New Albany Daily Ledger. New Albany, Indiana. March 30, 1921. Retrieved May 23, 2017.
  58. Hardwood Record, Volume 46. Retrieved January 23, 2017.
  59. Motor Age, Volume 39. Retrieved April 24, 2012.
  60. Never-To-Be-Forgotten 1917 City Tornado Killed 58 (PDF). Retrieved January 10, 2013.
  61. "Convicts to be Sent". The Courier Journal. Louisville, Kentucky. April 14, 1917. Retrieved November 12, 2017.
  62. Dan Walsh, Jr. (July 4, 1920). "New Albany's Come-Back". The Courier Journal. Louisville, Kentucky. Retrieved May 21, 2017.
  63. The American Contractor, Volume 38. Retrieved February 14, 2014.
  64. "Factory About Completed". The Courier Journal. Louisville, Kentucky. July 12, 1917. Retrieved November 6, 2017.
  65. Miller, Harold Vincent, 1934. The Industrial Development of New Albany, Indiana. PhD dissertation, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
  66. Hardwood Record, Volume 45. Retrieved February 14, 2014.
  67. Hardwood Record, Volume 50. Retrieved May 25, 2017.
  68. "Items of Interest From New Albany". The Courier Journal. Louisville, Kentucky. July 25, 1919. Retrieved November 6, 2017.
  69. "Land Deals Completed". The Courier Journal. Louisville, Kentucky. May 13, 1922. Retrieved November 6, 2017.
  70. Whitely, Elizabeth R. (1997). A Span in Time: A Genealogy of the Roberts Family and a Brief Commentary (Honors). Ball State University.
  71. "Articles of Incorporation Filed — Other New Companies". Indianapolis Journal. Indianapolis, Indiana. May 8, 1902. Retrieved January 22, 2017.
  72. "New Business Concerns". Indianapolis News. Indianapolis, Indiana. May 7, 1902. Retrieved December 31, 2017.
  73. "Bank Election". The Courier-Journal. Louisville, Kentucky. June 26, 1915. Retrieved May 14, 2017.
  74. "Association of Business Men". The Courier-Journal. Louisville, Kentucky. March 19, 1904. Retrieved February 11, 2018.
  75. "Coming!". The New Albany Tribune. New Albany, Indiana. July 19, 1912. Retrieved May 25, 2017.
  76. Automobile Topics, The Trade Authority - Volume 43. Retrieved February 14, 2014.
  77. "Chevrolet Firm Opens New Home". The Courier-Journal. Louisville, Kentucky. May 6, 1928. Retrieved July 11, 2016.
  78. "Broadway Motor Sales Co". The Courier-Journal. Louisville, Kentucky. Nov 22, 1926. Retrieved May 21, 2017.
  79. "Incorporations". The Indianapolis Star. Indianapolis, Indiana. September 15, 1915. Retrieved May 15, 2017.
  80. "Street Repairs Are Petitioned". The Louisville Courier-Journal. Louisville, Kentucky. February 20, 1926. Retrieved November 6, 2017.
  81. "New Corporations". Richmond Daily Register. Richmond, Madison County, Kentucky. April 20, 1922. Retrieved January 7, 2014.
  82. "Haury motor co. to have new garage". The Courier-Journal. Louisville, Kentucky. December 18, 1921. Retrieved November 11, 2017.
  83. "Haury Motor Co. To Distribute New Star". The Courier-Journal. Louisville, Kentucky. August 27, 1922. Retrieved November 11, 2017.
  84. "Motor concern purchases site". The Courier-Journal. Louisville, Kentucky. December 18, 1921. Retrieved November 11, 2017.
  85. Joseph C. Pierson (September 1, 2016). "United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form "Haury Motor Company Garage"" (PDF). heritage.ky.gov. Retrieved November 11, 2017.
  86. "REO-Spalding will handle DeSoto and Plymouth Automobiles". The Courier-Journal. Louisville, Kentucky. June 12, 1932. Retrieved March 28, 2018.
  87. "West Palm Beach's Newest Theater Opens Doors Today". The Palm Beach Post. West Palm Beach, Florida. October 7, 1927. Retrieved November 6, 2017.
  88. "Arcade Theatre". Retrieved June 7, 2016.
  89. "Movie Magnate Sweeps Streets for Patrons". The Palm Beach Post. West Palm Beach, Florida. October 8, 1927. Retrieved June 7, 2016.
  90. "Seven Theaters in Palm Beach Section Closed". The Evening Independent. Palm Beach, Florida. August 29, 1933. Retrieved June 7, 2016.
  91. Refrigeration, Volumes 27 & 28. Retrieved January 8, 2014.
  92. The National Provisioner, Volume 66. Retrieved April 18, 2015.
  93. "National Ice & Products Co". The Courier-Journal. Louisville, Kentucky. February 15, 1922. Retrieved November 12, 2017.
  94. "New Albany". The Courier-Journal. Louisville, Kentucky. April 25, 1924. Retrieved November 12, 2017.
  95. Iron Age, Volume 94. Retrieved January 7, 2014.
  96. "Popcorn". The New Albany Tribune. New Albany, Indiana. January 23, 1915. Retrieved May 25, 2017.
  97. Electrical Review and Western Electrician with which is Consolidated Electrocraft, Volume 66. Retrieved January 7, 2014.
  98. "Authorizes School Bonds". The Courier-Journal. Louisville, Kentucky. April 13, 1915. Retrieved May 15, 2017.
  99. The American Contractor, Volume 37. Retrieved January 23, 2017.
  100. Electrical Review, Volume 69. Retrieved January 23, 2017.
  101. Brick and Clay Record, Volume 49. Retrieved January 23, 2017.
  102. "Willard's Grave To Be Marked". The Courier-Journal. Louisville, Kentucky. August 11, 1921. Retrieved May 15, 2017.
  103. "F. Kahler, Machine For Cutting Noodles". Retrieved April 24, 2012.
  104. "George E. Seymour and Ferdinand Kahler, Extension Platform". Retrieved April 24, 2012.
  105. "G. E.Seymour and F. Kahler, Brake". Retrieved April 24, 2012.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.