Fereidoon Tavallali

Fereidoon Tavallali or Fereydoun Tavallali (Persian: فريدون توللى‎)[1] 1917, Shiraz - March 1985, Shiraz).[2][3] was an Iranian poet, political commentator, archeologist and considered intellectual.[4] In poetry, Tavallali is of a second generation of Iranian modernists, the nowpardaz (New Wave poets).[5][6]

Fereidoon Tavallali
Born1917
Shiraz, Iran
DiedMarch 1985
Shiraz
NationalityIranian
Occupationpoet, political commentator, archeologist and considered intellectual

Biography

Tavallali was born in Shiraz, Iran. His father, Jalal Tavallali, was a dignitary and treasurer the Tavallali clan. His mother, Khadijeh, was the daughter of Haj Shanbeh, a chamberlain in Ilkani Ghashgaee. The Tavallali family had cultural roots among the Qashqai nomads of the mountains of Fars Province. They served as the motevalli (guardians) of the astaneh (Islamic shrine) of Seyed Ala-Ed-Din-Hossei, Shiraz.

Education

Tavallali was educated at home with private literary tutors. He studied Persian poetry at an early age. The messages and philosophies of Roudaki, Ferdowsi, Nezami, Saadi, Hafez, and Rumi influenced him. His family and Qashqai heritage also provided a cultural context for his literary development. He wrote his first poem at age 11.[7] At that time, Shiraz was a centre of poetic and literary culture, not only due to its historical nature but also because the government banned most other avenues of sociopolitical activity and expression. Tavallali was also influenced by Mehdi Hamidi Shirazi, a teacher at Sultan High School and a popular local poet.[8]

High school

During his high school years, Tavallali created and participated in school poetry circles and social clubs. He had numerous confrontations with authorities over his controversial speeches and writings which resulted in him being expelled from three high schools. Tavallali later received his high school diploma through external examinations.

University

In 1938, Tavallali enrolled at Tehran University and studied linguistics with Parviz Natel Khanlari and archeology.[6][8] In 1942, after graduating, he returned to Shiraz and joined the Culture Ministry, with responsibilities in research in the archaeology field. Tavallali was employed at the Pars Museum of Shiraz, where he met Mahin Farbood. She shared his interest in poetry and eventually published several collections of verses. In 1942, Tavallali married Farbood.

Writing

Political commentary

In the 1940s, Tavallali was prolific. Not only did he write poetry but also political commentary for publication in the journals of Shiraz and Tehran. During the period of Russian occupation of Iran (1941 - 1946), Tavallali joined the local communist party, the Tudeh (Mass) party.[4] He published articles in the journals Sourouch in Shiraz and Korshide Iran and Iranema in Teheran. In 1946, a compilation of his articles was published under the title, Al-Tafasil.[1]

Poetry

Like other poets of his time (Shamlu, Akhavan and Forugh), Tavallali experimented with the style of Nima Yooshij.[9] Their poetry was in prose style with elements of Dadaism, automatism, futurism and surrealism.[10]

Archeology

In the early 1950s, he participated in an archaeological expedition to Shush and Pasargadae. In 1961, he was designated to work on the Elamite city of Anshan (Persia). He produced art works in Takht-e Jamshid, Fasa, and Darab. He moved to general management of Pars Archaeology and was appointed as a consultant for Iran in this field.

Works
  • Al-Tafasil
  • Pouye
  • Raha (Tehran 1950)[11]
  • Karvan
  • Nafe
  • Bazgasht
  • Le Coeur Hospitalier (in French)[12]
  • Mary[13]

References
  1. "التفاصيل " (al-Tafāsīl) Kānūn-i Tarbiyat, Shīrāz oclc 26003061 Accessed 5 November 2013.
  2. "Biography." Farrokh Tamimil organisation. Accessed 30 May 2010.
  3. "Biography" Fereydoun Tavallali website.
  4. Milani A. "Eminent Persians: The Men and Women who Made Modern Iran, 1941-1979." Syracuse University Press, 2008 Vol 1 p148. ISBN 0815609078, 9780815609070.
  5. Hakkak A. K.and Talattof C. "Essays On Nima Yushij: Animating Modernism In Persian Poetry." BRILL, 2004 p.61 ISBN 9004138099, 9789004138094.
  6. Manoukian S. "City of Knowledge in Twentieth Century Iran: Shiraz, History and Poetry." Routledge 2012 p186. ISBN 1136627170, 9781136627170.
  7. "Īn bāng-i dilāvīz: zindagī va shiʻr-i Farīdūn Tavallalī" ISBN 964-7230-01-X; 9789647230018.
  8. معاصران فريدون توللى : فراز و فرود / "Muʻāṣirān-i Farīdūn Tavallalī : farāz va furūd." ISBN 978-9-643585-464
  9. Adle C. "Towards the Contemporary Period: From the Mid-nineteenth to the End of the Twentieth Century." UNESCO, 2005 p878 ISBN 9231039857, 9789231039850.
  10. Daniel E. L. and Mahdi A. A. "Culture and Customs of Iran." Greenwood 2006 p81 ISBN 0313320535, 9780313320538.
  11. Elwell-Sutton L. P. "The Persian Metres." Cambridge University Press, 1976 ISBN 0521210895, 9780521210898.
  12. Moshiri M. "S'il n'y a pas d'amour: Poésie contemporaine persane (1911-2011)." L'Harmattan, 2012 p59 ISBN 2296485901, 9782296485907. Accessed at Google Books 15 April 2004.
  13. Arberry A. J. (Ed.) "Persian Poems: An Anthology of Verse Translations." Alhoda, United Kingdom 2005 p86 ISBN 964306302X, 9789643063023
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