Fernandez-Vargas v. Gonzales

Fernandez-Vargas v. Gonzales, 548 U.S. 30 (2006), is a United States Supreme Court case that considered Humberto Fernandez-Vargas, a Mexican citizen who, after being deported, illegally reentered the United States in 1982, and remained undetected for over 20 years, fathering a son in 1989 and marrying the boy's mother, a U.S. citizen, in 2001. He filed an application to adjust his status to that of a lawful permanent resident, but the Government began proceedings to reinstate his 1981 deportation order under §241(a)(5) of the Immigration and Nationality Act,[1] and deported him.

Fernandez-Vargas v. Gonzales
Supreme Court of the United States
Argued March 22, 2006 Decided June 22, 2006
Full case name	Fernandez-Vargas v. Gonzales, Attorney General
Citations	548 U.S. 30 (more) 126 S. Ct. 2422; 165 L. Ed. 2d 323; 2006 U.S. LEXIS 4892
Case history
Prior	394 F.3d 881 (10th Cir. 2005); cert. granted, 546 U.S. 975 (2005).
Holding
Section 241(a)(5) applies to those who reentered the United States before IIRIRA’s effective date and does not retroactively affect any right of, or impose any burden on, the continuing violator of the INA now before this Court.
Court membership
Chief Justice John Roberts Associate Justices John P. Stevens · Antonin Scalia Anthony Kennedy · David Souter Clarence Thomas · Ruth Bader Ginsburg Stephen Breyer · Samuel Alito
Case opinions
Majority	Souter, joined by Roberts, Scalia, Kennedy, Thomas, Ginsburg, Breyer, Alito
Dissent	Stevens
Laws applied
Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996

Fernandez-Vargas argued that because he illegally reentered the country before the IIRIRA's effective date, §241(a)(5) did not bar his application for an adjustment of status, and that §241(a)(5) would be impermissibly retroactive if it did bar his adjustment application. The Court held that Section 241(a)(5) applies to those who reentered the U.S. before IIRIRA's effective date and does not retroactively affect any right of, or impose any burden on, the continuing violator of the INA now before this Court.[2]